Association of “#covid19” Versus “#chinesevirus” With Anti-Asian Sentiments on Twitter: March 9–23, 2020

Hswen, Yulin; Xu, Xin; Hing, Anna K.; Hawkins, Joseph E.; Brownstein, John S.; Gee, Gilbert C.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2021.306154

Cited by 146 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…23,24 Social media also serves as a forum for expressing racist sentiment. 25 For example, analysis of race-related tweets demonstrated a 68.4% rise in negative tweets about Asians (from 9.8% in November 2019 to 16.5% in March 2020). 26 Other studies of trends in Twitter and Google data indicate an increased use of racist slurs during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans

et al. 2021

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Objectives Experiences of vicarious racism—hearing about racism directed toward one’s racial group or racist acts committed against other racial group members—and vigilance about racial discrimination have been salient during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined vicarious racism and vigilance in relation to symptoms of depression and anxiety among Asian and Black Americans. Methods We used data from a cross-sectional study of 604 Asian American and 844 Black American adults aged ≥18 in the United States recruited from 5 US cities from May 21 through July 15, 2020. Multivariable linear regression models examined levels of depression and anxiety by self-reported vicarious racism and vigilance. Results Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, among both Asian and Black Americans, greater self-reported vicarious racism was associated with more symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.92 [95% CI, 0.97-2.87]; Black: β = 1.72 [95% CI, 0.95-2.49]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 2.40 [95% CI, 1.48-3.32]; Black: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.17-2.78]). Vigilance was also positively related to symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.54 [95% CI, 0.58-2.50]; Black: β = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.12-1.67]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.05-2.91]; Black: β = 1.64 [95% CI, 0.82-2.45]). Conclusions Mental health problems are a pressing concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from our study suggest that heightened racist sentiment, harassment, and violence against Asian and Black Americans contribute to increased risk of depression and anxiety via vicarious racism and vigilance. Public health efforts during this period should address endemic racism as well as COVID-19.

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confidence: 99%

“…22,[27][28][29][30][31] Research suggests that increased anti-Asian sentiment during this period is associated with politicians and conservative news outlets blaming China for the pandemic and racializing the disease as the "China virus." 22,32,33…”

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confidence: 99%

Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans

et al. 2021

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“…Racism's deadly consequences were recently epitomized in the murders of eight people in Atlanta, Georgia, six of whom were Asian American women (2). These violent acts are reflective of the effects of increasing anti-Asian and xenophobic rhetoric (3,4). As words have consequences, especially in far-reaching social media platforms, it is not surprising that this xenophobic rhetoric has led to increasing trends in anti-Asian sentiment (5).…”

Section: Racism Towards Asian Americansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Asian American Racism: A Wake-Up Call for Population-Based Cancer Research

Dee

Chen

Santos

et al. 2021

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Asian Americans have been subjected to rising overt discrimination and violent hate crimes, highlighting the health implications of racism toward Asian Americans. As Asian Americans are the only group for whom cancer is the leading cause of death, these manifestations of anti-Asian racism provoke the question of the impact of racism across the cancer continuum for Asian Americans. In this Commentary, we describe how the myth of the "model minority" overlooks the diversity of Asian Americans. Ignoring such diversity in sociocultural trends, immigration patterns, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and barriers to care masks disparities in cancer risk, access to care, and outcomes across Asian American populations.

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“…Emboldened anonymity along with echo chambers can fuel racist tweets [ 23 ]. In particular, there has been a rise in negative tweets referencing Asians with the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic with the apex in negative Asian sentiment occurring during the week of March 16, when President Trump used the phrase, “Chinese virus” [ 14 , 24 ]. The intersection of racism and the pandemic could have a similar impact on vaccine perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advocacy, Hesitancy, and Equity: Exploring U.S. Race-Related Discussions of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Twitter

Criss

Nguyen

Norton

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Our study aimed to describe themes of tweets related to COVID-19 vaccines, race, and ethnicity to explore the context of the intersection of these topics on Twitter. Methods: We utilized Twitter’s Streaming Application Programming Interface (API) to collect a random 1% sample of publicly available tweets from October 2020 to January 2021. The study team conducted a qualitative content analysis from the full data set of 1110 tweets. Results: The tweets revealed vaccine support through vaccine affirmation, advocacy through reproach, a need for a vaccine, COVID-19 and racism, vaccine development and efficacy, racist vaccine humor, and news updates. Vaccine opposition was demonstrated through direct opposition, vaccine hesitancy, and adverse reactions. Conspiracy and misinformation included scientific misinformation, political misinformation, beliefs about immunity and protective behaviors, and race extermination conspiracy. Equity and access focused on overcoming history of medical racism, pointing out health disparities, and facilitators to vaccine access. Representation touted pride in development and role models, and politics discussed the role of politics in vaccines and international politics. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that Twitter can provide nuances about multiple viewpoints on the vaccine related to race and ethnicity and can be beneficial in contributing to insights for public health messaging.

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Association of “#covid19” Versus “#chinesevirus” With Anti-Asian Sentiments on Twitter: March 9–23, 2020

Cited by 146 publications

References 18 publications

Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans

Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans

Anti-Asian American Racism: A Wake-Up Call for Population-Based Cancer Research

Advocacy, Hesitancy, and Equity: Exploring U.S. Race-Related Discussions of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Twitter

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