Association of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates With School Reopening in Brazil During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lichand, Guilherme; Dória, Carlos Alberto; Fernandes, João Paulo Cossi; Neto, Onicio Batista Leal

doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.5032

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For example, a study from Mexico found losses of 0.34-0.45 SD in reading and 0.62-0.82 SD in math, although the results are based on two household surveys that are not strictly comparable (Hevia et al 2022). Similarly, a study from Brazil also found large learning losses amounting to 0.32 SD (Lichand et al 2022), and significant learning losses have been reported for South Africa as well (Ardington, Wills, and Kotze 2021;Shepherd et al 2021). The MoEYS and UNICEF (2022) study on Cambodia also found learning losses of 0.3 SD and 0.60 SD in Khmer and math, respectively, among grade 6 students.…”

Section: Learning Loss In the Global Contextmentioning

confidence: 98%

Learning Loss in Cambodia and the Use of EdTech during COVID-19

Bhatta¹,

Katwal²,

Pfütze³

et al. 2022

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3 Student absence denotes the number of days the students were absent when the schools were in session for the three months at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year.x Table E.1: Key learning loss estimates from the regression models (equated scaled scores) Khmer Math No controls Controls No controls Controls Overall −42.76 −27.73 −55.96 −41.00 Rural and male −43.99 −27.63 −50.94 −35.35 Rural and female −33.04 −24.00 −43.85 −33.61

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Section: Learning Loss In the Global Contextmentioning

confidence: 98%

Learning Loss in Cambodia and the Use of EdTech during COVID-19

Bhatta¹,

Katwal²,

Pfütze³

et al. 2022

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“…Twelve studies examined the impact of reopening schools [21,[201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211]. Nine showed an increasing trend in the number of daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases, growth rate or Rt of COVID-19.…”

Section: (B) School Measures and Closuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings

Murphy,

Lim,

Mills

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Social distancing measures (SDMs) are community-level interventions that aim to reduce person-to-person contacts in the community. SDMs were a major part of the responses first to contain, then to mitigate, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. Common SDMs included limiting the size of gatherings, closing schools and/or workplaces, implementing work-from-home arrangements, or more stringent restrictions such as lockdowns. This systematic review summarized the evidence for the effectiveness of nine SDMs. Almost all of the studies included were observational in nature, which meant that there were intrinsic risks of bias that could have been avoided were conditions randomly assigned to study participants. There were no instances where only one form of SDM had been in place in a particular setting during the study period, making it challenging to estimate the separate effect of each intervention. The more stringent SDMs such as stay-at-home orders, restrictions on mass gatherings and closures were estimated to be most effective at reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Most studies included in this review suggested that combinations of SDMs successfully slowed or even stopped SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community. However, individual effects and optimal combinations of interventions, as well as the optimal timing for particular measures, require further investigation. This article is part of the theme issue 'The effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 pandemic: the evidence'.

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“…Global alcohol exposure is projected to increase (with abstinence decreasing while drinking and heavy episodic drinking increase) between 2017 and 2040 (7). For example, from 2019 to 2020, age-adjusted mortality rates for ALD in the United States increased by 23.4% (8) and increases in consumption are projected to add 8,000 ALD deaths and nearly 19,000 decompensations over the next 2 decades (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rising Costs of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease in the United States

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is rising in the United States because of an increase in high-risk drinking, but population-level ALD cost is unknown. Our aim was to project the direct and indirect costs associated with ALD in the US population through 2040. Methods: We utilized a previously validated microsimulation model of alcohol consumption and ALD with model parameters estimated from publicly available data sources, including the National Epidemiologic Survey Alcohol and Related Conditions-III, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and published studies informing the impact of alcohol consumption on ALD severity in the United States resident population. The simulated scenario included current and projected ALD-associated costs. Results: From 2022-2040, the ALD is projected to cost $880 billion; $355 billion in direct healthcare- related costs and $525 billion in lost labor and economic consumption. The annual cost of ALD is projected to increase from $31 billion in 2022 to $66 billion (118% increase) in 2040. While the female population makes up 29% of these costs in 2022, by 2040 on a per annum basis, female costs would be 43% of the total annual expenditure. Discussion: Increased consumption of alcohol in the US population, especially in females, will cause a steep rise in the economic burden of alcohol-associated liver disease in the United States. These findings highlight the need for planners and policymakers to plan for the increased impact of liver disease in the United States.

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Association of COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates With School Reopening in Brazil During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Learning Loss in Cambodia and the Use of EdTech during COVID-19

Learning Loss in Cambodia and the Use of EdTech during COVID-19

Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings

The Rising Costs of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease in the United States

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