Association of cognitive status with functional limitation and disability in older adults

Lee, Yunhwan; Kim, Jin Hee; Lee, Kyung Jong; Han, Geunshik; Kim, Jeong Lim

doi:10.1007/bf03337716

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Participants in OASIS were community-dwelling older adults who were cognitively intact. There is a growing body of literature suggesting that cognitive function does influence the progression of physical disability 23,24 ; however, it is equally probable that impaired physical function could lead to cognitive decline. For example, a characteristic of disability is that older adults become less socially active, a consequence that can compromise executive functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Influences Transitional States of Disability in Older Adults With Knee Pain

Rejeski¹,

Ip²,

Marsh³

et al. 2008

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Objectives This study employed relatively new statistical methods to understand how many states are needed to describe disability in older adults with knee pain, describe the relative probability of transitioning between states over time, and examine whether obesity influences the probability of transitioning between states. Design Prospective epidemiologic study of older adults with knee pain. Setting Community. Participants The participants, 245 women and 235 men, were 65 years or older, had chronic knee pain on most days, and had difficulty with at least 1 mobility-related activity caused by knee pain. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure The primary instrument, the Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability, evaluated self-reported difficulty with mobility, basic activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Results The Hidden Markov Model yielded 6 states reflecting changes in mobility, ADLs, and IADLs. There is evidence that loss in more demanding mobility-related activities such as stair climbing is an early sign for the onset of disability and that functional deficits in the lower extremities are critical to the early loss of ADLs. Overall the trend is for older adults to experience greater progression than regression and for obesity to be important in understanding severe states of disability. Conclusions These data provide a strong rationale for characterizing disability on a continuum and underscore the fluid nature of disability in older adults. As expected, lower-extremity function plays a key role in the disablement process; obesity is also particularly relevant to understanding severe states of disability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Influences Transitional States of Disability in Older Adults With Knee Pain

Rejeski¹,

Ip²,

Marsh³

et al. 2008

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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“…The elderly may experience a decline in a number of cognitive functions, including memory [2], [3], attention [4], executive functions [5], [6], processing speed [7]. Decline in cognitive abilities has been shown to lead to difficulty performing basic activities of daily living [1], [8]–[10]. Although our cognitive functions decline with age, some previous study showed that the brain retains some plasticity with age [11]–[13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Training Game Improves Executive Functions and Processing Speed in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe beneficial effects of brain training games are expected to transfer to other cognitive functions, but these beneficial effects are poorly understood. Here we investigate the impact of the brain training game (Brain Age) on cognitive functions in the elderly.Methods and ResultsThirty-two elderly volunteers were recruited through an advertisement in the local newspaper and randomly assigned to either of two game groups (Brain Age, Tetris). This study was completed by 14 of the 16 members in the Brain Age group and 14 of the 16 members in the Tetris group. To maximize the benefit of the interventions, all participants were non-gamers who reported playing less than one hour of video games per week over the past 2 years. Participants in both the Brain Age and the Tetris groups played their game for about 15 minutes per day, at least 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. Each group played for a total of about 20 days. Measures of the cognitive functions were conducted before and after training. Measures of the cognitive functions fell into four categories (global cognitive status, executive functions, attention, and processing speed). Results showed that the effects of the brain training game were transferred to executive functions and to processing speed. However, the brain training game showed no transfer effect on any global cognitive status nor attention.ConclusionsOur results showed that playing Brain Age for 4 weeks could lead to improve cognitive functions (executive functions and processing speed) in the elderly. This result indicated that there is a possibility which the elderly could improve executive functions and processing speed in short term training. The results need replication in large samples. Long-term effects and relevance for every-day functioning remain uncertain as yet.Trial RegistrationUMIN Clinical Trial Registry 000002825

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“…Declines in cognitive function are associated with an increased risk of frailty (Mitnitski et al 2011), physical disability (Lee et al 2005;Yaffe et al 2010), poor quality of life or well-being (Bárrios et al 2013;Wilson et al 2013), and mortality (Lavery et al 2009;Park et al 2013;Yaffe et al 2010). Cognitive decline is also predictive of incident dementia (Hensel et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in physical activity and cognitive decline in older adults living in the community

Lee

Kim

Han

et al. 2015

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Accumulating evidence suggests that physical activity may be beneficial in preserving cognition in late life. This study examined the association between baseline and changes in physical activity and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older people. Data were from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, with 2605 aged 65 years and older subjects interviewed in 2006 and followed up for 2 years. Cognitive decline was defined by calculating the Reliable Change Index using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Physical activity levels were categorized as sedentary, low, or high. Changes in physical activity were classified as inactive, decreaser, increaser, or active. Logistic regression analysis of baseline and changes in physical activity with cognitive decline was performed. Compared with the sedentary group at baseline, both the low and high activity groups were less likely to experience cognitive decline. The active (odds ratio [OR]=0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.68) and increaser (OR=0.45, 95 % CI 0.27-0.74) group, compared with the inactive counterpart, demonstrated a significantly lower likelihood of cognitive decline. Older adults who remained active or increased activity over time had a reduced risk of cognitive decline. Engagement in physical activity in late life may have cognitive health benefits.

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Association of cognitive status with functional limitation and disability in older adults

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Obesity Influences Transitional States of Disability in Older Adults With Knee Pain

Obesity Influences Transitional States of Disability in Older Adults With Knee Pain

Brain Training Game Improves Executive Functions and Processing Speed in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Changes in physical activity and cognitive decline in older adults living in the community

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