Association of cognitive dietary restraint and disinhibition with prediabetes – cross-sectional and longitudinal data of a feasibility study in German employees

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the impact of eating behaviour traits on central obesity, prediabetes and associated major dietary food patterns. Design: Assessment of eating behaviour was based on the revised German version of the Three-Eating Factor Questionnaire using cross-sectional and longitudinal data of a feasibility study in employees. Data on lifestyle and nutrition were obtained by validated self-administered questionnaires. Baseline characteristics were analysed by the univariate x 2 test or the Mann-Whitney test. To quantify correlations linear regression analysis was used. Setting: The Delay of Impaired Glucose Tolerance by a Healthy Lifestyle Trial (DELIGHT), which investigated measures to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus in [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008]. Subjects: Employees (21-64 years, 127 men, 157 women) with elevated waist circumference (men $94 cm, women $80 cm) of five medium-sized companies in northern Germany. Results: At baseline (T0), BMI but particularly waist circumference showed a strong inverse correlation with flexible control (P , 0?0001) and a positive correlation with disinhibition (P , 0?0001) and rigid control (P 5 0?063). Flexible control was also significantly inversely related to fasting plasma glucose (P 5 0?040), energy intake (P , 0?0001), intake of meat and meat products (P 5 0?0001), and positively associated with intake of fruit and vegetables (P , 0?0001) at baseline (T0). Changes in flexible control within the first year of intervention (T1 v. T0) predicted changes in central obesity (P , 0?0001) and fasting plasma glucose (P 5 0?025). Conclusions: DELIGHT shows that flexible control characterizes individuals with a higher dietary quality, a lower waist circumference and a lower glucose level. Enhancing flexible control more than rigid control, and decreasing disinhibition, seems beneficial in terms of central adiposity and glucose levels.

The Association of Genetic Markers for Type 2 Diabetes with Prediabetic Status - Cross-Sectional Data of a Diabetes Prevention Trial

“…18–65 year-old employees of 5 medium-sized companies in the northern part of Germany were informed about prediabetes, risk for diabetes, and chance of lifestyle modification [34]. Employees were advised how to measure their waist circumference, and were eligible for a check-up, if the waist circumference was ≥80 cm for women and ≥94 cm for men or close to these cut-off points.…”

The development of an Aftermath of Dietary Lapses Coping Questionnaire for weight control

“…According to approaches based on this notion, 'fattening' foods are eaten in limited quantities without feelings of guilt (Westenhoefer et al, 1999). Indeed, a relationship between energy intake and BMI has been reported by previous studies (Westenhoefer et al, 1999;Zyriax et al, 2012). For example, one of the items used to assess flexible control is 'While on a diet, if I eat food that is not allowed, I consciously eat less for a period of time to make up for it' (Westenhoefer et al, 1999).…”

Genetic variants in AKR1B10 associate with human eating behavior

“…This may result in overeating and a higher caloric intake potentially contributing to an increase in body weight [ 41 ]. Most of the studies suggest a positive association between high disinhibition levels, BMI and weight gain [ 42 , 43 ]. In contrast, we did not identify any relationship to BMI but observed indications for lower waist circumference at three SNPs which are related to disinhibition.…”