Association of circulating galectin‐3 with gestational diabetes mellitus, progesterone, and insulin resistance

Abstract

Background/Objective: Because galectin-3 has been proposed to regulate obesity and insulin resistance in mice, we hypothesized that circulating galectin-3 levels are associated with presence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), progesterone, and insulin resistance. Methods: Circulating galectin-3 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in women with GDM (n = 137) and their controls (n = 81). Associations of galectin-3 and progesterone with GDM and insulin resistance were evaluated using regression models. Results: Circulating galectin-3 levels were increased in the individuals with GDM (P < .001) and associated significantly with progesterone (r = 0.42, P < .001), gestational age at sampling (r = 0.23, P < .001), current body mass index (BMI; r = 0.17, P = .02), estrogen (r = 0.15, P < .03), fasting glucose (r = 0.41, P < .001), fasting insulin (r = 0.39, P < .001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; r = 0.44, P < .001). After adjustment for potential confounders, including current BMI, subjects in the highest tertile of galectin-3 levels were more likely to have GDM (odds ratio 4.71, 95% confidence interval 2.01-11.06) as compared with the lowest tertile. The association between circulating galectin-3 levels and GDM remained significant after adjusting for progesterone, but significantly attenuated after adjustment with HOMA-IR. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression analyses after adjustment for confounders showed an independent association between galectin-3 levels and HOMA-IR (β = .41, P < .001), suggesting that association of circulating gelactin-3 levels with GDM might be mediated via insulin resistance. Progesterone demonstrated the expected associations with galectin-3, GDM, and HOMA-IR. Conclusions: Circulating galectin-3 levels are associated with GDM possibly through increased insulin resistance. The association of galectin-3 with

Glycation Markers in the Geriatrics Patients

“…The correlation of galectin 3 with BMI values has been demonstrated repeatedly in different study groups [30][31][32]. Our study con rmed this result.…”

“…Galectin-3 is a protein from the group of β-galactoside binding lectins with pro-in ammatory properties, presented as a novel biomarker of pathological conditions, such as various types of cancer, especially thyroid cancer [17], acute and chronic heart failure [26,27], chronic pancreatitis [18], prediabetes state and apparent diabetes [28], depression [29] and many others. It has multiple functions including cells adhesion, in ammation, and extracellular matrix formation, differentiation, proliferation, embryogenesis, and host-pathogen interactions [29][30][31]. As a lectin, it binds carbohydrates but it is characterized by a wide range of ligands and, in addition to simple sugars and disaccharides such as galactose, lactose or N-acetyllactosamine, it also binds large carbohydrate molecules, such as cell surface N-glycans and advanced glycation products that are intensely generated during hyperglycemia [17,18].…”

“…As a lectin, it binds carbohydrates but it is characterized by a wide range of ligands and, in addition to simple sugars and disaccharides such as galactose, lactose or N-acetyllactosamine, it also binds large carbohydrate molecules, such as cell surface N-glycans and advanced glycation products that are intensely generated during hyperglycemia [17,18]. Moreover, the protein is found to cause cellular and systemic insulin resistance [31]. Therefore, we expected that galectin-3 would also re ect the various pathological states typical for the geriatric population.…”

Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between galectin 3, gestational age, and current BMI. Due to this fact, it may be used in the first trimester as a potential factor to predict the development of diabetes [ 37 ].…”

Methacrylic functionalized hybrid carbon nanomaterial for the selective adsorption and detection of progesterone in wastewater

“…To date, several analytical methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC) (Chamas et al 2017), gas chromatography (GC) (Nezhadali et al 2016), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Kollofrath et al 2020), capillary electrophoresis (Siren &El Fellah 2017), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (Siren &El Fellah 2017), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Zong et al 2018), electrochemical sensor (Akshaya et al 2019), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests (Zhang et al 2020c) have been used to determine the presence of P4 in environmental samples, especially in the wastewater. HPLC is the most frequently used method because of the low cost, high performance, relatively good sensitivity and stability.…”