Association of Circulating Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and CX3CR1+CD4+ T Cells with Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

CKD subjects showed an increase in CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cell population, plasma fractalkine and IMT; the association of CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cells and plasma fractalkine with CCA-IMT indicates that the fractalkine-CX3CR1 pathway may be important in the development and/or progression of atherosclerosis in CKD.

T Cell CX3CR1 Mediates Excess Atherosclerotic Inflammation in Renal Impairment

“…44 Increased T cell CX3CR1 in CKD has previously been associated with carotid intima-media thickness. 45 Also in our experiments, aortic T cells upregulated CX3CR1. Beyond this, adoptive transfer of CX3CR1-competent T cells into LDLr…”

Pathogenic features of CD4+CD28– T cells in immune disorders

“…In patients with RA [59], end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [60], chronic kidney disease [61], type 2 diabetes [62], or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [63], CD4 + CD28 -T cells were found to be associated with atherosclerosis, suggesting that CD4 + CD28 -T cells take part in vascular plaque destabilization and rupture in patients with inflammatory disorders.…”

Chemokines and atherosclerosis: focus on the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pathway

“…The authors observed significantly elevated levels of soluble CX3CL1 in patients with carotid artery stenosis near occlusion (90%-99% stenosis) but similar levels among patients with moderate (50%-70% stenosis) and advanced (70%-90% stenosis) carotid artery disease [23] . Yadav et al assessed 62 healthy controls and 128 patients with stage III-V chronic kidney disease (CKD) [33,34] . The authors observed increased levels of soluble CX3CL1 in CKD subjects and a significant correlation between common carotid artery intima-media thickness and soluble CX3CL1 levels.…”