Association of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis with exposure to indoor air pollution: a case control study

Jafta, Nkosana; Jeena, Prakash; Barregård, Lars; Naidoo, Rajen N.

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6604-9

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In particular, children represent a vulnerable segment of any population. They carry more risks of long term exposure to pollution over the course of their lives and are susceptible to acquiring chronic diseases in their developing lungs [6][7][8][9][10][11] . Use of masks and respirators can offer protection against air pollutants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomised clinical trial to evaluate the safety, fit, comfort of a novel N95 mask in children

Goh

Mun²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

104

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Children are more vulnerable to the risks of air pollution, including susceptibility to acquiring chronic diseases in their developing lungs. Despite these, there are no specific masks designed for and tested in children that are available to protect our young from the common particulate air pollutants today. We evaluated safety, fit and comfort of a specially designed paediatric N95 mask with an optional micro ventilator (micro fan, MF) in healthy children aged 7–14 years, in a randomized, two-period crossover design. The subjects’ cardiorespiratory physiological measurements were assessed in different states of physical activity under different interventions (mask without and with MF). A total of 106 subjects were recruited between July-August 2016. The use of the mask without MF increased the End-Tidal CO2 (ETCO2) and Fractional concentration of Inspired CO2 (FICO2) at rest and on mild exertion, as expected. The use of the mask with MF brought FICO2 levels comparably closer to baseline levels without the mask for both activities. The mask, with or without the MF, was found to be well fitting, comfortable and safe for use in children at rest and on mild exertion. The N95 mask tested offers a promising start for more studies in the paediatric population.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomised clinical trial to evaluate the safety, fit, comfort of a novel N95 mask in children

Goh

Mun²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a study conducted in Durban, South Africa by Jefta et al [ 51 ], household dampness was significantly associated with childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in unadjusted (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.01–3.1) and adjusted (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.0) analysis. Although dampness has been linked to fungal respiratory infections [ 112 , 113 ], no studies have linked it to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Household Exposures and Associated Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes in Children and Adults in South Africa

Morakinyo

Mokgobu

2022

IJERPH

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Human exposure to indoor pollution is one of the most well-established ways that housing affects health. We conducted a review to document evidence on the morbidity and mortality outcomes associated with indoor household exposures in children and adults in South Africa. The authors conducted a scientific review of the publicly available literature up to April 2022 using different search engines (PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar) to identify the literature that assessed the link between indoor household exposures and morbidity and mortality outcomes in children and adults. A total of 16 studies with 16,920 participants were included. Bioaerosols, allergens, dampness, tobacco smoking, household cooking and heating fuels, particulate matter, gaseous pollutants and indoor spray residue play a significant role in different morbidity outcomes. These health outcomes include dental caries, asthma, tuberculosis, severe airway inflammation, airway blockage, wheeze, rhinitis, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, phlegm on the chest, current rhinoconjunctivitis, hay fever, poor early life immune function, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, and increased incidence of nasopharyngeal bacteria, which may predispose people to lower respiratory tract infections. The findings of this research highlight the need for more initiatives, programs, strategies, and policies to better reduce the negative consequences of indoor household exposures.

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“…Indoor pollution exposures, primarily through tobacco smoking or the use of biomass cooking fuels, have been shown to impact health in low-income countries [ 3 , 4 ]. Biomass cooking fuels are associated with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) [ 5 ], tuberculosis [ 6 ], COPD [ 7 ], and asthma [ 8 , 9 ]. Less well-understood are the associations between ambient (outdoor) air exposures to pollutants, such as PM and respiratory health in SSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure Is Associated with Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections among Children under Five Years of Age in Kenya, 2014

Larson

Espira

Glenn

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Introduction: Short-term exposures to air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) have been associated with increased risk for symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Less well understood is how long-term exposures to fine PM (PM2.5) might increase risk of ARIs and their symptoms. This research uses georeferenced Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from Kenya (2014) along with a remote sensing based raster of PM2.5 concentrations to test associations between PM2.5 exposure and ARI symptoms in children for up to 12 monthly lags. Methods: Predicted PM2.5 concentrations were extracted from raster of monthly averages for latitude/longitude locations of survey clusters. These data and other environmental and demographic data were used in a logistic regression model of ARI symptoms within a distributed lag nonlinear modeling framework (DLNM) to test lag associations of PM2.5 exposure with binary presence/absence of ARI symptoms in the previous two weeks. Results: Out of 7036 children under five for whom data were available, 46.8% reported ARI symptoms in the previous two weeks. Exposure to PM2.5 within the same month and as an average for the previous 12 months was 18.31 and 22.1 µg/m3, respectively, far in excess of guidelines set by the World Health Organization. One-year average PM2.5 exposure was higher for children who experienced ARI symptoms compared with children who did not (22.4 vs. 21.8 µg/m3,p < 0.0001.) Logistic regression models using the DLNM framework indicated that while PM exposure was not significantly associated with ARI symptoms for early lags, exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 (90th percentile) was associated with elevated odds for ARI symptoms along a gradient of lag exposure time even when controlling for age, sex, types of cooking fuels, and precipitation. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 may increase risk for acute respiratory problems in small children. However, more work should be carried out to increase capacity to accurately measure air pollutants in emerging economies such as Kenya.

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Association of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis with exposure to indoor air pollution: a case control study

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

A randomised clinical trial to evaluate the safety, fit, comfort of a novel N95 mask in children

A randomised clinical trial to evaluate the safety, fit, comfort of a novel N95 mask in children

Indoor Household Exposures and Associated Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes in Children and Adults in South Africa

Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure Is Associated with Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections among Children under Five Years of Age in Kenya, 2014

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