Association of cataract and sun exposure in geographically diverse populations of India: The CASE study. First Report of the ICMR-EYE SEE Study Group

Vashist, Praveen; Tandon, Radhika; Murthy, G V S; Barua, Chaity; Deka, Dipali; Singh, Sachchidanand; Gupta, Vivek; Gupta, Nidhi; Wadhwani, Meenakshi; Singh, Rashmi; Vishwanath, K

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227868

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our study result is consistent with many previous studies regarding the association of sunlight exposure and the incidence of cataracts [13][14][15]. This result demonstrates the importance of protecting people's eyes from direct sunlight exposure, especially for those who need to work under sunlight exposure, such as farmers, fishermen, construction workers, etc.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Most of the previous studies have demonstrated that sunlight exposure is a significant risk factor for cataracts. For examples, a population-based cross-sectional study on the prevalence of cataract and its association with sun exposure in three different geographically diverse populations of India during 2010-2016 has reported that cataract is associated with an increased sun exposure level [13].…”

Section: Sunlight Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Urbanization and Sunlight Exposure on Cataract Incidence

Wang

Kuo

2021

Applied Sciences

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The impact of urbanization on cataract incidence is still inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the association of urbanization and sunlight exposure with cataract incidence using a nationwide population-based database in Taiwan. The researchers used data retrieved from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database from 2001 to 2010 (LHID2010). The LHID2010 consists of medical claims data for reimbursement for 1 million individuals randomly selected from all enrollees (N = 23.25 million) in the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) program in 2010. For adults aged over 40, we identified a total of 3080 people diagnosed with senile cataracts (ICD-9:360) and 393,241 people without senile cataracts in the LHID2010. In addition, sunlight exposure data between 2001 and 2011 were obtained from 28 meteorological stations of the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau. Logistic regression was performed to test the hypothesis. When controlled for the confounding factors, such as demographic factors, comorbidities, and sunlight exposure, the logistic regression results showed that those living in highly urbanized areas are more likely to suffer from senile cataracts (p < 0.001).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Sunlight Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Urbanization and Sunlight Exposure on Cataract Incidence

Wang

Kuo

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Therefore, it is highly plausible that solid fuel smoke can also deposit on the eyes and alter the chemical equilibrium and immunity of the tear film, thus increasing the risk of infection and damaging ocular cells directly [2]. The free radicals in solid fuel smoke may accelerate the oxidation of the lens leading to cataracts [46]. Carbon monoxide, another prominent pollutant generated from incomplete combustion of solid fuels, may harm the eyes through hypoxia [47].…”

Section: Plos Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term solid fuel use and risks of major eye diseases in China: A population-based cohort study of 486,532 adults

et al. 2021

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Background Over 3.5 billion individuals worldwide are exposed to household air pollution from solid fuel use. There is limited evidence from cohort studies on associations of solid fuel use with risks of major eye diseases, which cause substantial disease and economic burden globally. Methods and findings The China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 512,715 adults aged 30 to 79 years from 10 areas across China during 2004 to 2008. Cooking frequency and primary fuel types in the 3 most recent residences were assessed by a questionnaire. During median (IQR) 10.1 (9.2 to 11.1) years of follow-up, electronic linkages to national health insurance databases identified 4,877 incident conjunctiva disorders, 13,408 cataracts, 1,583 disorders of sclera, cornea, iris, and ciliary body (DSCIC), and 1,534 cases of glaucoma. Logistic regression yielded odds ratios (ORs) for each disease associated with long-term use of solid fuels (i.e., coal or wood) compared to clean fuels (i.e., gas or electricity) for cooking, with adjustment for age at baseline, birth cohort, sex, study area, education, occupation, alcohol intake, smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, cookstove ventilation, heating fuel exposure, body mass index, prevalent diabetes, self-reported general health, and length of recall period. After excluding participants with missing or unreliable exposure data, 486,532 participants (mean baseline age 52.0 [SD 10.7] years; 59.1% women) were analysed. Overall, 71% of participants cooked regularly throughout the recall period, of whom 48% used solid fuels consistently. Compared with clean fuel users, solid fuel users had adjusted ORs of 1.32 (1.07 to 1.37, p < 0.001) for conjunctiva disorders, 1.17 (1.08 to 1.26, p < 0.001) for cataracts, 1.35 (1.10 to 1.66, p = 0.0046) for DSCIC, and 0.95 (0.76 to 1.18, p = 0.62) for glaucoma. Switching from solid to clean fuels was associated with smaller elevated risks (over long-term clean fuel users) than nonswitching, with adjusted ORs of 1.21 (1.07 to 1.37, p < 0.001), 1.05 (0.98 to 1.12, p = 0.17), and 1.21 (0.97 to 1.50, p = 0.088) for conjunctiva disorders, cataracts, and DSCIC, respectively. The adjusted ORs for the eye diseases were broadly similar in solid fuel users regardless of ventilation status. The main limitations of this study include the lack of baseline eye disease assessment, the use of self-reported cooking frequency and fuel types for exposure assessment, the risk of bias from delayed diagnosis (particularly for cataracts), and potential residual confounding from unmeasured factors (e.g., sunlight exposure). Conclusions Among Chinese adults, long-term solid fuel use for cooking was associated with higher risks of not only conjunctiva disorders but also cataracts and other more severe eye diseases. Switching to clean fuels appeared to mitigate the risks, underscoring the global health importance of promoting universal access to clean fuels.

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“…Different risk factors were implicated with some patients. In a study conducted in western India to investigate the risk factors for the early onset of cataracts in India by Vashist et al, atopy was found to be the most common risk factor associated with cataract formation, being associated with 25.6% of cases [18] . A higher correlation of cataracts with DM was found in our research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Types of Presenile Cataract in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala- A Retrospective Study

Dhanya

Abraham

2021

Int J Res Rev

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Background: Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide with a greater prevalence in developing countries like India. Presenile cataract refers to an onset of this disease below 50 years of age. Objectives: To study the factors associated with development of presenile cataract among the total cataract patients who attended out-patient clinic of Ophthalmology department from January 2016 to July 2017 and to find out the proportion of different types of presenile cataract. Method: The study includes patients who had undergone cataract surgery in the Department of Ophthalmology Government Medical College, Ernakulam from January 2016 and June 2017. Data was retrospectively entered and analysed. Results: There were 100 (49 males and 51 females) patients between the age 30 and 50 years. Around 70 study participants had co-morbidities. The average axial length was 22.5532mm, the average haemoglobin content was 13.01 g/dL, average total count was 8590.85, average BL urea was 22.755 mg/dL, average serum creatinine concentration was 0.9611 mg/dL and average GRBS concentration was 131.43 mg/dL. Drug history of 69 patients was observed in the current study. Conclusion: The most common type of cataract seen was posterior subcapsular cataract followed by mature cataract. Diabetes mellitus was the predominant risk factor in posterior subcapsular cataract. Keywords: Presenile cataract; Risk factors; Posterior subcapsular cataract.

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Association of cataract and sun exposure in geographically diverse populations of India: The CASE study. First Report of the ICMR-EYE SEE Study Group

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Impact of Urbanization and Sunlight Exposure on Cataract Incidence

Impact of Urbanization and Sunlight Exposure on Cataract Incidence

Long-term solid fuel use and risks of major eye diseases in China: A population-based cohort study of 486,532 adults

Risk Factors and Types of Presenile Cataract in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala- A Retrospective Study

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