Association of cardiac and non-cardiac chronic disease comorbidity on glycaemic control in a multi-ethnic population with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Abstract

The prevalence of CDCM is higher in SAs compared to WEs with type 2 diabetes, whereas the prevalence of NCCM is higher in WEs compared to SAs. Taking into account comorbidities, SAs (compared to WEs) with type 2 diabetes had an excess risk of having HbA1c ≥7% ranging from 1.86- to 2.27-fold. Further research is needed to identify the reasons for unfavourable metabolic conditions in SAs and also develop and evaluate interventions.

Ethnicity and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD): 4.8 year follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes living in Scotland

“…One of these was longitudinal but had a very small South Asian sample size of 86 patients [38]. The other three were cross sectional [16,28,32] and two of these reported pooled data on South Asians rather than the individual ethnicities groups [28,32]. Pakistanis and Indians are not reported to vary largely in their genetic makeup and so the differences in cardiovascular risk reported here likely reflect other factors.…”

“…Differences in diabetes incidence rates [8,12,25] and CVD rates [8,24,26] have been evaluated in many studies. Ethnic differences in age of diabetes diagnosis [11,12,27], diabetes prevalence [8,19], HbA 1c levels [28,29], body composition [8,9,30], smoking [28,31], physical activity [12,32,33] and diet [6,34] have all been reported previously. Many studies have also reported effects of SES on diabetes [35,36] and CVD incidence [37].…”

“…Other studies reporting ethnic differences were conducted in the general population and used diabetes as an adjustment factor [8,[22][23][24] rather than investigating ethnic differences among people with diabetes. Studies performed in people with type 2 diabetes were small to modest cohort studies (n=4,974) [11,12,28,38,41,42] or combined different ethnic groups (Pakistani, Indian, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan) as one group of South Asians [8,12,24,26,28,38,42]. In order to avoid missing differential effects within this group, and because of the much larger size of our sample of people with type 2 diabetes, we were able to evaluate the ethnic groups Pakistani, Indian and Other Asians separately rather than merging them into one group of South Asians.…”

Cardiovascular Disease in South Asian Migrants

“…This may reflect the increased rates of abdominal obesity in SA compared to Europids. [23][24][25] Furthermore at any given body mass index (BMI), SA migrants were found to have 3.9% (p<0.001) greater body fat compared to Europids. 26 The largest case-control study to examine the earlier age of MI in SA found that the age gap in first presentation of MI versus other groups was largely explained by higher rates of conventional risk factors.…”

Exuberant Inflammatory Reaction as a Side Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in Treating One Case of Tendinopathy

“…However, this treatment may be helpful for chronic tendinopathies resistant to typical treatments. 3 In our case, the patient developed an exuberant local inflammatory reaction 1 week after injection with PRP. 1 Only 1 case report described the development of dense exuberant synovitis of the subacromial space after acromioplasty and postoperative PRP injection in a 66-year-old man.…”