Association of cagA Positive Helicobacter pylori Infection and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A PCR Approach

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacillus causing benign and malignant gastric diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux (GER). In larynx, H. pylori causes chronic inflammation and mucosal destruction that may lead to malignant changes. Although, H. pylori poses several virulence factors, cagA is probably the main factor in this regard. To evaluate the role of cagA gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), a case-control study was conducted on patients with laryngeal complaints during 2010-2012. Seventy-two patients with LSCC (case group) and 72 patients without malignancy (control group) were included in the study. The H. pylori and cagA factor were assessed in laryngeal specimen of patients with PCR technique. 33 % of patients in case group (24 patients) and 45.8 % (33 patients) of control group were positive for H. pylori. CagA gene was present in 13.8 % (10 patients) of case group specimens and 31.9 % (23 patients) of control group. This difference was statistically significant with Mantel-Haenszel statistical test analyses. The results showed that patients with LSCC have significantly lower incidence of laryngeal H. pylori infection and cagA virulence factor than those without LSCC. Findings from this study support the protective effect of H. pylori infection against laryngeal cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages in cancers

“…There is a positive correlation of M2 and survival and proliferation of melanoma cell [72] Cervical cancer CSF1 inhibition delays cervical tumor growth by attenuating the turnover of TAM and enhancing infiltration by CD8 ? T cells [74,75] TAM tumor-associated macrophage, MIF macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MCP1 monocyte chemotactic protein 1, CSF1 colonystimulating factor 1 Clin Transl Oncol chronic inflammation often gathered many macrophages and other inflammatory cells; macrophages in the mechanism of pregastric lesion and gastric cancer stage are still controversial [29][30][31].…”

UreA and cagA genes of Helicobacter pylori in Egyptian patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and benign laryngeal polyps: a cohort study

“…Burduk et al [36] reported that 23.3 % were cagA gene-positive. Amizadeh et al [5] stated that cagA gene was only present in 13.8 % of the case group and 31.9 % of the control group. So, it could be supposed that the microorganism may be an independent risk factor for LSCC as the laryngeal mucosa provides a reservoir for the bacteria [4].…”

“…They explained their results as all the Polish population is nearly infected with H. pylori, whereas Grbesa et al [3] detected H. pylori ureA gene using PCR in only 26 % of LSCC patients. Amizadeh et al [5] reported that H. pylori was detected in 33 % of patients with LSCC and 45.8 % of the control group. The high prevalence of H. pylori in our study may be attributed to the agricultural environment of North Delta.…”

“…It represents about 25 % of all head and neck cancers [1]. Many predisposing carcinogenic factors including smoking, alcohol drinking, Human papilloma virus and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may play a role in the etiology of carcinogenesis [2][3][4][5].…”

Possible association between Helicobacter pylori infection and vocal fold leukoplakia

“…Several studies have maintained H. pylori as a risk factor in laryngeal SCC, [21][22][23] but other studies disagree. [24][25][26] These discrepant results might depend on the various detection methods for H. pylori, the incidence of H. pylori infection in the general population, and subject inclusion criteria.…”