Association of burnout and harassment among cardiology trainees: Pakistan's perspective

A gender-based review of workplace violence amongst the global health workforce—A scoping review of the literature

“…Not all studies were aimed at assessing workplace violence based on gender; therefore, we included all studies that either provided data on gender-based workplace violence or findings that indicated gender was a factor for WPV or a predictor for various outcomes of WPV. The latter group of studies had various aims, including: to assess factors associated with workplace violence [ 19 , 27 – 33 , 139 , 204 – 207 , 243 ], to assess the association between aggression, psychological distress, and job satisfaction [ 34 , 35 , 120 , 187 ], to determine injuries resulting from physical assaults [ 203 ], to determine the relationship between WPV and psychological and behavioral responses [ 35 – 37 , 161 , 200 , 202 , 208 – 211 ], to assess effects of lateral violence and its consequences [ 38 , 212 ], and to assess the preparedness to respond to sexual harassment before and after a workshop [ 39 , 65 ]. In addition to gender as the basis for WPV, we classified other factors associated with WPV that were not explicitly gendered, such as age and status (presented below).…”

“…On the other hand, female medical personnel experienced more harassment and discrimination throughout their career, including in academia, regardless of role or seniority. Of 185 descriptive studies, 46 (25%) reported that women in medicine experienced sexual harassment, with trainees and residents most affected [ 20 , 21 , 37 , 39 , 52 – 54 , 74 , 75 , 78 – 82 , 85 , 88 , 94 , 95 , 107 – 109 , 116 – 119 , 121 , 126 , 127 , 130 – 132 , 148 , 150 , 152 , 154 , 158 , 160 , 161 , 173 , 174 , 182 , 184 , 186 , 187 , 196 ]. On the other hand, both male (70%) and female (69%) residents in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) experienced sexual harassment in the USA [ 66 ].…”