Association of Brominated Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Exposure With Fetal Growth and Preterm Delivery in Massachusetts

Rivera‐Núñez, Zorimar; Wright, J. Michael

doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e3182a4ffe4

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…The same pattern was also observed in both Salmonella, and in new human cell data (Attene-Ramos et al, 2010;Escobar-Hoyos et al, 2013). This epidemiology and toxicology research suggest that adverse human health effects, particularly adverse pregnancy outcomes and bladder cancer, are associated with the presence and elevated concentration of brominated DBPs Swan et al, 1998;Villanueva et al, 2004;Jeong et al, 2012;Rivera-Nunez and Wright, 2013). Despite these adverse health effects, no systematic investigation has been taken to elucidate the formation and speciation of DBPs and the toxicity of seawater desalinated waters and blended waters.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Desalinated Watersmentioning

confidence: 69%

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

2015

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Due to increased freshwater demand across the globe, seawater desalination has become the technology of choice in augmenting water supplies in many parts of the world. The use of chemical disinfection is necessary in desalination plants for pre-treatment to control both biofouling as well as the post-disinfection of desalinated water. Although chlorine is the most commonly used disinfectant in desalination plants, its reaction with organic matter produces various disinfection by-products (DBPs) (e.g., trihalomethanes [THMs], haloacetic acids [HAAs], and haloacetonitriles [HANs]), and some DBPs are regulated in many countries due to their potential risks to public health. To reduce the formation of chlorinated DBPs, alternative oxidants (disinfectants) such as chloramines, chlorine dioxide, and ozone can be considered, but they also produce other types of DBPs. In addition, due to high levels of bromide and iodide concentrations in seawater, highly cytotoxic and genotoxic DBP species (i.e., brominated and iodinated DBPs) may form in distribution systems, especially when desalinated water is blended with other source waters having higher levels of organic matter. This article reviews the knowledge accumulated in the last few decades on DBP formation during seawater desalination, and summarizes in detail, the occurrence of DBPs in various thermal and membrane plants involving different desalination processes. The review also identifies the current challenges and future research needs for controlling DBP formation in seawater desalination plants and to reduce the potential toxicity of desalinated water.

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Section: Toxicity Of Desalinated Watersmentioning

confidence: 69%

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

2015

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“…2,43 Brominated and iodinated DBPs are of concern for their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in model mammalian and human cell systems; 11,12,42,59,60 brominated DBPs are gaining attention in epidemiological studies. 25,61 The objectives of this research were (1) to determine, under controlled conditions, if monochloramine (NH 2 Cl) disinfection generated drinking water with less toxicity than water disinfected with free chlorine (HOCl) and (2) to determine the impact of added bromide and iodide in conjunction with HOCl or NH 2 Cl disinfection on mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genomic DNA damage induction.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Impact of Bromide and Iodide on Drinking Water Disinfected with Chlorine or Chloramines

Yang

Komaki

Kimura

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

217

156

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Disinfectants inactivate pathogens in source water; however, they also react with organic matter and bromide/iodide to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Although only a few DBP classes have been systematically analyzed for toxicity, iodinated and brominated DBPs tend to be the most toxic. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine if monochloramine (NH2Cl) disinfection generated drinking water with less toxicity than water disinfected with free chlorine (HOCl) and (2) to determine the impact of added bromide and iodide in conjunction with HOCl or NH2Cl disinfection on mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genomic DNA damage induction. Water disinfected with chlorine was less cytotoxic but more genotoxic than water disinfected with chloramine. For both disinfectants, the addition of Br(-) and I(-) increased cytotoxicity and genotoxicity with a greater response observed with NH2Cl disinfection. Both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were highly correlated with TOBr and TOI. However, toxicity was weakly and inversely correlated with TOCl. Thus, the forcing agents for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were the generation of brominated and iodinated DBPs rather than the formation of chlorinated DBPs. Disinfection practices need careful consideration especially when using source waters containing elevated bromide and iodide.

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“…Epidemiological research demonstrated low but significant associations between disinfected drinking water and adverse health effects (10) including cancer of the bladder (14)(15)(16), colon (17,18) and rectum (19). Some studies report a weak association with adverse pregnancy outcomes and DBPs; yet, the evidence is inconclusive (20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charting a New Path To Resolve the Adverse Health Effects of DBPs

Plewa

Wagner

2015

ACS Symposium Series

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The disinfection of drinking water was an outstanding public health achievement of the 20 th century. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are the unintended consequence of reactions between disinfectants with organic and halide precursors in the source water. Exposure to DBPs is associated with unfavorable health effects from cancer induction to adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet the forcing agents responsible are largely unknown. Of over 600 DBPs identified, only 11 are regulated by the U.S. EPA and in many studies these are not the most toxic DBPs. Identified DBPs represent less than half of the total organic halogen in drinking water and onlỹ 80 DBPs have been evaluated by systematic quantitative toxicological analyses. Epidemiological studies are hampered by problems with exposure metrics and the suite of DBPs present in drinking water. Although the last decade experienced increased interdisciplinary collaborations amongst chemists, biologists, epidemiologists and engineers, resolving the risks of DBPs follows a dated paradigm. A new integrated approach is required to determine the contaminants in source and drinking waters that increase health risks and to provide the foundation for novel disinfection practices. We suggest the following areas in resolving adverse health effects of DBPs: 1) identification and occurrence of emerging DBPs especially iodinated-DBPs and nitrogenous-DBPs, 2) quantitative, comparative in vitro Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Products Downloaded from pubs.acs.org by 117.54.10.54 on 09/30/15. For personal use only.toxicology of DBPs and DBP classes, 3) a nationwide analysis on the toxicity of drinking waters, 4) determining the impact of DBP precursors and mixture effects on water toxicity, 5) understanding the molecular mechanisms of DBP toxicity, 6) identification of sensitive subpopulations to DBP toxicity, 7) employment of analytical chemistry and toxicity information as an essential part of epidemiological studies, and 8) engineering research on disinfection based on toxic outcomes.

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Association of Brominated Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Exposure With Fetal Growth and Preterm Delivery in Massachusetts

Abstract: We detected consistent associations for adjusted mean BWT and THMBr exposures; these data reinforce the need to consider different disinfection by-product exposure metrics in epidemiological studies.

Cited by 48 publications

References 50 publications

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

Toxic Impact of Bromide and Iodide on Drinking Water Disinfected with Chlorine or Chloramines

Charting a New Path To Resolve the Adverse Health Effects of DBPs

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