Association of Blood Pressure Classification in Korean Young Adults According to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines With Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Events

Son, Joung Sik; Choi, Seulggie; Kim, Kyuwoong; Kim, Sung Min; Choi, Daein; Lee, Gyeongsil; Jeong, Su Jin; Park, Sung Yong; Kim, Yeon Yong; Yun, Jae Moon; Park, Sang Min

doi:10.1001/jama.2018.16501

Cited by 184 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…First, the prevalence of belonging to a prehypertension group and prediabetes group was significantly higher for male and female workers than normal adults [29,30]. When individuals belonging to a prehypertension group or prediabetes group neglect their health, they are more prone to progress to hypertension or diabetes [40,41], and their risk of CVD development increases [3,42]. However, workers belonging to the prehypertension group or prediabetes group were either unaware of or uninterested in their disease state, and thus had a reduced desire to maintain good health, which leads to insufficient care [41,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Socioeconomic Status (SES) of Workers Using National Health Information Database

Ryu

Moon

Jung

2020

IJERPH

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The socioeconomic status (SES) and health behaviors of workers are associated with the risks of developing obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we investigated the factors influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk based on the SES of male and female workers. This cross-sectional analysis used the National Health Information Database to assess the associations between gender, SES (income level, residential area), health behaviors, and CVD-related health status of workers, through multinomial logistic regression. Upon analysis of a large volume of data on workers during 2016, the smoking and drinking trends of male and female workers were found to differ, causing different odds ratio (OR) tendencies of the CVD risk. Also, while for male workers, higher ORs of obesity or abdominal obesity were associated with higher incomes or residence in metropolitan cities, for female workers, they were associated with lower incomes or residence in rural areas. Additionally, among the factors influencing CVD risk, lower income and residence in rural areas were associated with higher CVD risk for male and female workers. The study findings imply the importance of developing gender-customized intervention programs to prevent CVD, due to gender-specific associations between CVD-related health status and health behaviors according to SES. Health Information Database (NHIS-NHID), was employed to verify the association between the SES of male and female workers in Korea and their CVD-related health statuses. The findings of this study will contribute to the production of basic statistics with large volumes of data through an analysis of the factors influencing CVD risk in male and female workers. Materials and Methods Data SourcesThe NHIS of Korea provides health insurance cover to the entire population of the country [13] and allows an insured worker and his or her dependent to receive a free annual or biannual health examination [15]. Based on the NHIS, the national health information database has a large volume of data, including 1.3 trillion pieces of information on the qualifications, premiums, health examination results, and treatment records of the entire population [16]. The NHIS-NHID is the dataset prepared by extracting, summarizing, and processing the health insurance information collected, possessed, and managed by the NHIS for study purposes, while ensuring that personal information cannot be identified [16]. The NHIS-NHID consists of the qualification database, the health examination database, and the claim database [15]. The qualification database includes gender differentiated into male and female, age, premium, and residential area. The premium is defined as the amount paid thus far by the insured worker, and it is categorized into one of 20 quintiles. The residential area is categorized into codes representing the area of residence of the insured. The health examination database contains data from a regular health examination and the accompanying health questi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general characteristics of the subjects included gender and age. Age was categorized as: under 30 (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), 30s (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), 40s (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49), 50s (50-59), or 60s (60-69).…”

Section: General Characteristics and Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Socioeconomic Status (SES) of Workers Using National Health Information Database

Ryu

Moon

Jung

2020

IJERPH

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“…Third, the definition of CVD could not be validated by medical records. Although the operational definition for CVD was adopted from previous studies that also used the NHIS database [11,12], future studies with a narrower definition of CVD, perhaps by using procedural codes for cardiovascular interventions or coronary artery bypass grafting operations are needed. Fourth, we could not adjust for certain potential confounders such as education due to the lack of information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The definition of depression was adapted from another study [10]. CVD was defined when a participant was hospitalized for at least 2 days or died due to CVD, which was adapted from previous studies that used the NHIS database [11,12]. CVD included CHD (ICD-10 codes I20-I25) and stroke (ICD-10 codes I60-I69).…”

Section: Key Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-existing Depression among Newly Diagnosed Dyslipidemia Patients and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Kim

Choi

Choi³

et al. 2020

Diabetes Metab J

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Background: Whether depression before diagnosis of dyslipidemia is associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among newly diagnosed dyslipidemia patients is yet unclear. Methods: The study population consisted of 72,235 newly diagnosed dyslipidemia patients during 2003 to 2012 from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort of South Korea. Newly diagnosed dyslipidemia patients were then detected for pre-existing depression within 3 years before dyslipidemia diagnosis. Starting from 2 years after the diagnosis date, patients were followed up for CVD until 2015. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD were calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Compared to dyslipidemia patients without depression, those with depression had higher risk for CVD (aHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.41). Similarly, pre-existing depression was associated with increased risk for stroke (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.53). The risk for CVD among depressed dyslipidemia patients for high (aHR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.90), medium (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.52), and low (aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.50) statin compliance patients tended to be increased compared to patients without pre-existing dyslipidemia. The risk-elevating effect of depression on CVD tended to be preserved regardless of subgroups of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia patients with pre-existing depression had increased risk for CVD. Future studies that determine CVD risk after management of depression among dyslipidemia patients are needed.

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“…Pre‐HTN was also found to be associated with increases in the risks of stroke morbidity (Huang et al, ) and mortality (Bundy et al, ), as well as the risks of composite cardiovascular disease, suggesting the need for more intensive control of systolic BP among adults with pre‐HTN. Previously, HTN was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, whereas pre‐HTN was defined as systolic BP 130–139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP 80–89 mmHg (Son et al, ). In 2017, however, the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines defined elevated BP as systolic BP 120–129 mmHg and diastolic BP < 80 mmHg and stage 1 HTN as systolic BP 130–139 mmHg or diastolic BP 80–89 mmHg (Reboussin et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of Codonopsis lanceolata extract on systolic blood pressure levels in prehypertensive adults: A double‐blind, randomized controlled trial

Shin¹,

Hsieh²,

Han³

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) extract was shown to have antihypertensive effects in hypertensive rats. This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the ability of CL extract to prevent hypertension (HTN) in prehypertensive subjects.Eighty subjects aged 19-60 years with a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120-139 mmHg and a diastolic BP of 80-89 mmHg were recruited over 3 months. Subjects were randomized 1:1 to a CL group and a placebo (PL) group and administered CL extract and starch, respectively, for 6 weeks. (BP) was measured and blood sampled at baseline and at the end of the trial. Relative to baseline, systolic BP was significantly decreased, and catalase activity was significantly increased following CL treatment in both the elevated systolic BP and stage 1 HTN subgroups. In the elevated systolic BP subgroup, serum nitrite concentration relative to baseline was significantly increased in CL compared to PL treated subjects (p = .038). In subjects with stage 1 HTN, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = .020) and malondialdehyde (p = .039) showed significantly greater reductions from baseline in the CL than in the PL group. In summary, CL was effective in preventing endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation in prehypertensive subjects, with these effects differing according to baseline systolic BP levels.

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Association of Blood Pressure Classification in Korean Young Adults According to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines With Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Events

Cited by 184 publications

References 41 publications

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Socioeconomic Status (SES) of Workers Using National Health Information Database

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Socioeconomic Status (SES) of Workers Using National Health Information Database

Pre-existing Depression among Newly Diagnosed Dyslipidemia Patients and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Beneficial effects of Codonopsis lanceolata extract on systolic blood pressure levels in prehypertensive adults: A double‐blind, randomized controlled trial

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