Association of blood pressure and metabolic syndrome components with magnesium levels in drinking water in some Serbian municipalities

Abstract

Chronic exposure to insufficient levels of magnesium (Mg) in drinking water increases the risk of magnesium deficiency and its association with hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to assess the potential association of mineral contents in drinking water with blood pressure and other components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (BMI as measure of obesity, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin resistance, index-HOMA IR), in a healthy population. This study was conducted in three randomly selected municipalities (Pozarevac, Grocka and Banovci), and recruited 90 healthy blood donors, aged 20-50 years. The Pozarevac area had a four times higher mean Mg level in drinking water (42 mg L À1 ) than Grocka (11 mg L À1 ). Diastolic blood pressure was lowest in subjects from Pozarevac. Serum Mg (sMg) was highest, and serum Ca 2þ /Mg (sCa/Mg) lowest in subjects from Pozarevac, and after adjustment for confounders (age, gender, BMI), only total cholesterol and sMg levels were independent predictors of diastolic blood pressure, sMg levels were independent predictors of triglycerides, and sCa/Mg predicted glucose levels. These results suggest that Mg supplementation in areas of lower magnesium levels in drinking water may be an important measure in the prevention of hypertension and MetS in general.

First report on the association of drinking water hardness and endothelial function in children and adolescents

“…Many studies have documented the association of serum Mg concentrations and endothelial function [30, 31]. Low Mg in drinking water is found to be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors [32]. …”

Establishment of the Underlying Rationale and Description of a Cheap Nanofiltration-Based Method for Supplementing Desalinated Water with Magnesium Ions

“…It may have a positive effect on blood pressure, as reflected by the comparison of individuals from some Serbian municipalities having different drinking water Mg(II) concentrations. This comparison showed that diastolic blood pressure was the lowest in subjects from the district with the highest drinking water Mg(II) concentration (42 mg/L, compared to 11 mg/L) [10]. Low levels of magnesium in drinking water can aggravate liver damage from alcohol [11].…”

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“…Existen también estudios que muestran que tanto ingestas defi citarias como niveles plasmáti-cos bajos de magnesio aumentan la prevalencia de muerte súbita 64 . Asimismo, los bajos niveles de magnesio se asociaron con la presencia de HTA y también con alteraciones en la estructura vascular 65,66 . Asimismo, se ha descripto que los productos y las aguas que contienen mayor cantidad de magnesio producen una reducción de la enfermedad coronaria, particularmente una mayor ingesta de magnesio reduce los eventos coronarios fatales 51,67 .…”