Association of Autoimmune Hepatitis and Celiac Disease: Role of Gluten-Free Diet in Reversing Liver Dysfunction

Iqbal, Umair; Chaudhary, Ahmad; Karim, Muhammad Arsalan; Siddiqui, Muhammad Arsalan; Anwar, Hafsa; Merrell, Nancy

doi:10.1177/2324709617705679

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Approximately 95% of patients with celiac disease express HLA-DQ2, which has a strong association with HLA-DR3 expressed in autoimmune hepatitis. 1 Prevalence of celiac disease in AIH is higher compared to that in the general population and is thought to be around 4-6.4%. 1 Iqbal et al 1 presented the case of a patient with known AIH on azathioprine with flares of elevated aminotransferases.…”

Section: Aih and Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Prevalence of celiac disease in AIH is higher compared to that in the general population and is thought to be around 4-6.4%. 1 Iqbal et al 1 presented the case of a patient with known AIH on azathioprine with flares of elevated aminotransferases. The patient was not taking any supplements or over-the-counter medications and denied drug/alcohol use.…”

Section: Aih and Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Celiac disease (or gluten-sensitive enteropathy) is an autoimmune condition triggered by consumption of the gliadin fraction of gluten and other cereals. 1 The prevalence is around 0.5–1% in the general population. 2 , 3 The small bowel is primarily affected, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, flatulence and weight loss from malabsorption.…”

Section: Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 Prevalence of celiac disease in AIH is higher compared to that in the general population and is thought to be around 4-6.4%. 1 …”

Section: Aih and Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iqbal et al . 1 presented the case of a patient with known AIH on azathioprine with flares of elevated aminotransferases. The patient was not taking any supplements or over-the-counter medications and denied drug/alcohol use.…”

Section: Aih and Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Celiac Disease and Elevated Liver Enzymes: A Review

Kim

2020

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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Aminotransferases are commonly found to be elevated in patients with celiac disease in association with two different types of liver dysfunction: cryptogenic liver disorders and autoimmune disorders. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanisms by which aminotransferases become elevated in celiac disease, clinical manifestations, and response to gluten-free diet. Many studies have shown that celiac patients with cryptogenic liver disease have normalization in aminotransferases, intestinal histologic improvement and serologic resolution after 6–12 months of strict gluten-free diet. In patients with an underlying autoimmune liver disease, simultaneous treatment for both conditions resulted in normalized elevated aminotransferases. The literature suggests that intestinal permeability may be at least one of the mechanisms by which liver damage occurs. Patients with celiac disease should have liver enzymes routinely checked and treated with a strict gluten-free diet if found to be abnormal. Lack of improvement in patients who have strictly adhered to gluten-free diet should prompt further workup for other causes of liver disease.

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Section: Aih and Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aih and Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 Prevalence of celiac disease in AIH is higher compared to that in the general population and is thought to be around 4-6.4%. 1 …”

Section: Aih and Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aih and Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Celiac Disease and Elevated Liver Enzymes: A Review

Kim

2020

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management

Liang

Saunders

Sanossian

2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Dysfunction of gut barrier is known as “leaky gut” or increased intestinal permeability. Numerous recent scientific evidences showed the association between gut dysfunction and multiple gastrointestinal tract (GI) and non‐GI diseases. Research also demonstrated that food plays a crucial role to cause or remedy gut dysfunction related to diseases. We reviewed recent articles from electronic databases, mainly PubMed. The data were based on animal models, cell models, and human research in vivo and in vitro models. In this comprehensive review, our aim focused on the relationship between dietary factors, intestinal permeability dysfunction, and related diseases. This review synthesizes currently available literature and is discussed in three parts: (a) the mechanism of gut barrier and function, (b) food and dietary supplements that may promote gut health, and food or medication that may alter gut function, and (c) a table that organizes the synthesized information by general mechanisms for diseases related to leaky gut/intestinal permeability and associated dietary influences. With future research, dietary intervention could be a new target for individualized disease prevention and management.

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