Association of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism With Ischemic Stroke Involving Large-Vessel Disease and Its Relation to Serum Lipid Levels

Association between Genetic Polymorphisms and Sites of Cervicocerebral Artery Atherosclerosis

“…25,26 Although the e3/e3 genotype and e3 allele are common in both Asian and Caucasian populations, a significant difference in the proportion of e4 alleles has been noted. 17,[25][26][27][28] The e4 allele was found in only 5.7% of our control subjects and has been reported in 5%-10% in other Asian populations, compared with a prevalence of 15%-18% in Caucasians (Table 5). 17,[25][26][27][28] Because the APOE e4 allele is strongly associated with extracranial carotid disease, the lower frequency of the e4 allele in Asians may help explain the low prevalence of this disease in this population.…”

“…These findings are in agreement with previous studies, mainly in Caucasians, that found an association between the APOE e4 allele and large-vessel atherosclerosis (especially extracranial carotid disease and increased intima-media thickness) in both asymptomatic patients and stroke patients. [12][13][14][17][18][19] APOE also plays an important role in coronary artery atherosclerosis. Carriers of the e4 allele have an estimated 1.4-fold greater risk of developing coronary heart disease compared with e3 carriers.…”

Triglyceride Level-Influencing Functional Variants of the ANGPTL3, CILP2, and TRIB1 Loci in Ischemic Stroke

“…Some of them are associated with increased, while others with decreased triglyceride levels Baroni et al 2003;Izar et al 2003;Kathiresan and Melander 2008b;Kathiresan et al 2009); the analysis of their functional role in different diseases had already begun (Pedro-Botet et al 1992; Baroni et al 2003;Izar et al 2003;Frikke-Schmidt et al 2004;Ma et al 2004;Souverein et al 2005;Havasi et al 2006;Vaessen et al 2006;Freiberg et al 2008;Willer et al 2008;Kathiresan and Melander 2008a;Kathiresan et al 2009;Labreuche et al 2009;Perez-Martinez et al 2011). As increased levels of certain triglycerides can associate with the development of different vascular diseases, positive association between triglyceride level-elevating SNPs and polygenic vascular diseases has already been reported (Kannel et al 1961;Miller and Miller 1975;Salonen et al 1982;Ordovas et al 1991;Pedro-Botet et al 1992;Meigs et al 2002;Baroni et al 2003;Izar et al 2003;Pennacchio and Rubin 2003;Ma et al 2004;Szalai et al 2004;Souverein et al 2005;Havasi et al 2006;Vaessen et al 2006;Nordestgaard et al 2007;Saidi et al 2007;Willer et al 2008;Freiberg et al 2008;Maasz and Kisfali 2008a, b;…”

Apolipoprotein E ε-4 as a genetic determinant of Alzheimer’s disease heterogeneity

“…Multiple cerebral infarctions may lead to vascular dementia, which commonly coexists with AD. 64,65 A recent meta-analysis clearly demonstrated a linear relationship between APOE genotype, serum lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and carotid intimal media thickness, consistent with the view that ε-4 allele carriers are at an increased risk for ischemic stroke. 66 It should, however, be emphasized that even homozygosity for the ε-4 allele only partially accounts for vascular risk.…”