Association of APOE E2 and low-density lipoprotein with depressive symptoms in Chinese senile schizophrenia inpatients: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Schizophrenia is considered to occur due to both environmental and genetic factors. Depressive symptoms and apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) gene polymorphisms are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the effect of APOE gene polymorphism on depressive symptoms has never been investigated among Chinese elderly schizophrenia patients. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the effect of APOE gene polymorphism on blood lipid metabolism and depressive symptoms among elderly schizophrenia patients. Method A total of 301 elderly schizophrenia patients (161 males, age ranges from 60 to 92 years, with an average age of 67.31 ± 6.667) were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). APOE gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Correlations between GDS and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels with APOE genotypes were assessed. Results The concentration of LDL in the APOE E2 group was significantly lower than those in the APOE E3 and APOE E4 groups, and the GDS scores in the APOE E2 and APOE E3 groups w ere higher than those in the APOE E4 group. Using partial correlation analysis and controlling the duration of disease and hyperlipidemia, we found that GDS scores were significantly correlated with LDL ( r = −0.179, p = 0.025). Conclusions The APOE E2 genotype is associated with more depressive symptoms and lower serum LDL in elderly Chinese schizophrenia patients, and there is a negative correlation between depressive symptoms and LDL.

Association between cognitive impairment and apolipoprotein A1 or apolipoprotein B levels is regulated by apolipoprotein E variant rs429358 in patients with chronic schizophrenia

“…The human apolipoprotein E (ApoE) variant originates from two functional polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) in exon 4 of the ApoE gene, which can be combined to form three major subtypes (2,3 and 4) [15]. Previous studies have shown that ApoE gene polymorphism may affect the level of lipoprotein [16][17][18] and also affect the development of schizophrenia [19,20]. For example, one study found a significant association between ApoE 3 gene variation and schizophrenia in Asian populations [19]; Another study found a significant association between ApoE rs429358 or ApoE rs7412 polymorphisms and low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL) in whites and African Americans [21].…”

Recent evidence and progress for developing precision nursing in symptomatology: A scoping review

“…After the full‐text analysis, 70 studies were further excluded and two studies retrieved from reviews were further added. As shown in Figure 2, 46 studies conducted in different countries were included in the final review, including the USA, Spain, Iran, China, Korea, Brazil, Italy, Sweden, Australia and Chile (Alhareeri et al., 2020; Bai et al., 2017; Buchhave et al., 2012; Cheng et al., 2017; de Sousa et al., 2020; Estévez‐López et al., 2018, 2021a, 2021b; Feng et al., 2018; Finegold et al., 2012; Fourie et al., 2014; Fu et al., 2016, 2021; Gaitán et al., 2021; Gamarra et al., 2015; Gill et al., 2015; Gonzalez et al., 2018; Henderson et al., 2017; Herrada et al., 2020; Hsiao et al., 2013, 2016; Kim et al., 2013, 2019; Kober et al., 2016; Lanni et al., 2012; Leung et al., 2014; Li, 2020; Li et al., 2019; Lukkahatai et al., 2014; Luo et al., 2021; Maffioletti et al., 2016; Miaskowski et al., 2013; Newman et al., 2012; Peña‐Zarza et al., 2018; Pierzynski et al., 2018; Pressler et al., 2015; Rausch et al., 2012; Seyedmirzaee et al., 2016; Sloan et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2020; Tao et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2014, 2021; Xu et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020). As shown in Table 1, only two studies (4.35%) mentioned the precision in measurement.…”

“…Three studies suggested that lifestyle or diet habits, such as sleep duration, and the intakes of n‐3 fatty acids, n‐6 fatty acid, and fiber, were associated with anxiety or depression (de Sousa et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2020). Four studies provided information on precision in the characterization of biomarkers (Cheng et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2013; Li 2020; Maffioletti et al., 2016).…”

“…Three studies suggested that lifestyle or diet habits, such as sleep duration, and the intakes of n-3 fatty acids, n-6 fatty acid, and fiber, were associated with anxiety or depression (de Sousa et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2020). Four studies provided information on precision in the characterization of biomarkers (Cheng et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2013;Li 2020;Maffioletti et al, 2016). Full-text articles assessed for eligibility (n=114) 70 full-text articles were excluded for the following reasons: study protocol, editorial, not English studies, no target outcomes reported, unavailable articles.…”

Association between clinical symptoms and apolipoprotein A1 or apolipoprotein B levels is regulated by apolipoprotein E variant rs429358 in patients with chronic schizophrenia

“…Another study found that the frequency of the ε4 allele was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms [ 64 ]. A study also found that ApoE ε2 genotype was associated with more depressive symptoms in older Chinese schizophrenia patients[ 65 ]. One possible reason for this is that the combined effect of rs429358 and rs7412, but not rs429358 alone, has a significant effect on the PANSS score of patients with schizophrenia.…”