Association of Anthropometric Indices With Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study

Abstract

Background: Obesity, particularly in the upper part of the body, is a major health problem. Measuring the neck circumference (NC) and wrist circumference (WrC) is a relatively new method of differentiating between normal and abnormal fat distributions. This study aimed to evaluate the association of NC, hip circumference (HC), and WrC with different phenotypes of obesity and their metabolic status.Methods: In this multi-centric cross-sectional study, 4,200 students aged 7–18 years were selected from 30 provinces in Iran in 2014 by using a multistage cluster random sampling method. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined based on the ATP III criteria modified for the pediatric age group. The subjects were classified into four groups according to their weight and metabolic status: metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically non-healthy non-obese (MNHNO), metabolically non-healthy obese (MNHO), and metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO).Results: Significant but different associations of NC, HC, and WrC with obesity phenotypes were documented in the entire population. Significant but different associations of NC, HC, and WrC with metabolic phenotypes were also found in the entire population. In the multinomial logistic regression, the association of the different obesity phenotypes with the study anthropometric indices increased significantly with increasing NC, WrC, and HC. Also, per one unit increment in NC, HC, and WrC, the odds of MHO, MNHNO, and MNHO increased compared to that of the MHNO phenotype.Conclusion: In children and adolescents, HC, NC, and WrC are significantly associated with obesity phenotypes and their metabolic status, and these metrics are suggested to be innovative, low-cost, and alternative tools for assessing them in different age and sex pediatric age groups.

Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level With Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study

“…The prevalence of MHNO was higher than other groups, followed by MHO, MNHNO, and MNHO, respectively. This finding was in line with previous studies in Iranian children and adolescents (43,44).…”

Early Clinical Indicators of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in A Cohort of Greek Children with Obesity

“…This study aimed to clarify whether BMI, WC, WHtR and Acanthosis nigricans could be used as clinical markers for early detection of IR and MetS among pre-pubertal children with overweight and obesity, so as to plan further evaluation and aggressive life style changes to prevent progression of MetS components [24,25].…”

Comparison analysis of childhood body mass index cut-offs in predicting adulthood carotid intima media thickness: Tehran lipid and glucose study

“…According to CDC and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) reports, prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in United States were 4 and 5% respectively in 1971, which increased to 12 and 17% in 2006 [ 5 ]. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescences in Iranian national sample, reported in CASPIAN-V study, which was carried out from 2012 to 2015, was 9.4% and 11.4, respectively [ 6 ].…”