Association of Anemia With Epilepsy and Antiepileptic Drugs

Abstract

Epilepsy is a disorder that causes unprovoked seizures regularly. It affects between 1% and 3% of the population. After the first seizure, the chances of having another one are almost 40%-52%. The etiology of febrile seizures in children with sickle cell disease is still unknown. In some groups, iron deficiency anemia has been linked to an increased risk of seizures. Although the reason and process are uncertain, some people believe that taking iron supplements can help prevent seizures. This literature covers haptene, non-haptene immune-related hemolysis, and oxidative processes activated by anti-seizure medications (ASMs). In epileptic patients, ASMs can cause anemia. Folic acid can be given to carbamazepine-treated anemic patients. There is growing evidence that it improves hemoglobin and leukocytes in individuals who take it. Therefore, one of the most efficient strategies to avoid future seizures is to take ASMs daily to maintain an even level of anticonvulsant in the body. To prevent further seizures, lifestyle changes are essential. Further studies and clinical trials are warranted to prove a clear association between epilepsy and hematologic disease, which will improve quality of life in the future.

Alterações laboratoriais dos medicamentos atuantes no sistema nervoso de uma Relação Municipal de Medicamentos Essenciais do nordeste brasileiro

“…The medications clozapine, valproic acid, alprazolam, carbamazepine, clomipramine, chlorpromazine, phenytoin, and haloperidol can interfere with leukocyte levels, i.e. they can cause leukocyte alterations, especially leukopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis, so their use should be monitored regularly 22,23. Granulocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes are a group of blood cells that include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils, responsible for defending the body against microorganisms 24,25,21 . Medication-induced neutropenia (or agranulocytosis) is related to immune-mediated mechanisms in which drugs act as haptens that induce the formation of antibodies against neutrophils.…”

“…Medication-induced neutropenia (or agranulocytosis) is related to immune-mediated mechanisms in which drugs act as haptens that induce the formation of antibodies against neutrophils. Others can accelerate neutrophil apoptosis or cause direct effects on myeloid precursors 24,21 .…”

Delayed Diagnosis of Duodenal Metastasis From Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

“…Instead, a CT scan of the head was performed, which did not reveal any mass lesions. Anemia can be another possible cause of the seizure as it has been linked to iron deficiency anemia and sickle cell anemia in certain groups [ 18 ]. The cause of the seizure in this patient is uncertain.…”

Phenotypic overlap between rare disease patients and variant carriers in a large population cohort informs biological mechanisms

“…28 Potential seizure-causing mechanisms related to a dysregulation in red blood cell production include oxygen deprivation to the brain, reduction of inhibitory neurotransmitters, and changes in the metabolism of neurons. 41…”