Association of anabolic androgenic steroid use with perimortem polypharmacy, antemortem prescription drug use, and utilization of health care services – A Finnish triple register study of forensic autopsy cases

Vauhkonen, Paula; Oura, Petteri; Kriikku, Pirkko; Mäyränpää, Mikko Ilari; Lindroos, Katarina

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.111947

Forensic Science International

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.111947

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Association of anabolic androgenic steroid use with perimortem polypharmacy, antemortem prescription drug use, and utilization of health care services – A Finnish triple register study of forensic autopsy cases

Paula Vauhkonen,

Petteri Oura,

Pirkko Kriikku

et al.

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2024

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Changing trends in anabolic‐androgenic steroid use within Scottish prisons: Detection, prevalence, and quantitation

Norman,

Harries,

Reid

et al. 2024

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Anabolic‐androgenic steroids (AASs) are a subclassification of image performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). While AAS use is most prevalent among people in athletics, there is also high lifetime prevalence of AAS use among prisoners. This study reports the qualitative detection of AASs in seized samples from the Scottish prisons from 2019–2023. Additionally, methods were developed for the quantitative analysis of AASs using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and applied to 61 samples of tablets or powders seized from Scottish prisons between July 2022 and July 2023. Since 2022, there has been an increase in AAS detections in the Scottish prisons. Oxymetholone was the most prevalent AAS, followed by metandienone (methandrostenolone, methandienone), methyltestosterone, oxandrolone, mestanolone (methylandrostanolone), stanozolol, and androstenedione. Multiple AASs were found in 21 samples and 10 samples contained other drugs, including amitriptyline, sertraline, zopiclone, mirtazapine, sildenafil, etizolam, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, and the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB‐INACA. Most AAS samples were tablets (77.0%), although they were also detected in powders, herbal material, e‐cigarettes, and a fragmented soap bar‐type sample. There was a large variation in the concentration of AASs in the tablets and powders seized from the Scottish prisons, demonstrating AASs are another highly variable component of the polydrug use situation in prisons, the effects of which need to be examined further.

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Changing trends in anabolic‐androgenic steroid use within Scottish prisons: Detection, prevalence, and quantitation

Norman,

Harries,

Reid

et al. 2024

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Association of anabolic androgenic steroid use with perimortem polypharmacy, antemortem prescription drug use, and utilization of health care services – A Finnish triple register study of forensic autopsy cases

Cited by 1 publication

References 34 publications

Changing trends in anabolic‐androgenic steroid use within Scottish prisons: Detection, prevalence, and quantitation

Changing trends in anabolic‐androgenic steroid use within Scottish prisons: Detection, prevalence, and quantitation

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