Association of an Endophytic Fungus in Perennial Ryegrass and Resistance to the Hairy Chinch Bug (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Chinch Bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) Mouthpart Morphology, Probing Frequencies, and Locations on Resistant and Susceptible Germplasm

“…These results concur with those of Carriè re et al (1998) who found that compounds produced by the endophytes reduce insect herbivory. In general, endophyte-enhanced perennial ryegrasses, Þne fescues, and tall fescues are highly resistant to chinch bug feeding (Saha et al 1987, Mathias et al 1990, Carriè re et al 1998, Richmond and Shetlar 2000, Yue et al 2000.…”

Turfgrass, Crop, and Weed Hosts of <I>Blissus occiduus</I> (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

“…Kentucky bluegrass, Þne fescue, and perennial ryegrass cultivars are known to have resistance to Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon (Baker et al 1981, Mathias et al 1990); St. Augustinegrass to Blissus insularis Barber (Reinert et al 1980, Reinert andDudeck 1974); and buffalograss to B. occiduus (Heng-Moss et al 2002). Our research has identiÞed several grasses that warrant further investigation, including Bermuda grass, which was moderately susceptible to B. occiduus feeding but produced few offspring, suggesting antibiosis.…”

Evaluation of Cool- and Warm-Season Grasses for Resistance to Multiple Chinch Bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) Species

“…In summary, B. l. hirtus showed no preference toward the endophyte-free grasses (1171 E-and 1139 E-). In general, grasses enhanced with endophytes exhibit some level of chinch bug resistance (Saha et al 1987, Mathias et al 1990, Carriè re et al 1998, Richmond and Shetlar 2000, Yue et al 2000. Yue et al (2000) evaluated strong creeping red and chewings fescues for alkaloid concentrations, chinch bug survival, and chinch bug preference and found varying levels in alkaloid concentrations.…”

“…It has been well-documented that endophyte-infected turfgrasses exhibit resistance to B. l. hirtus (Saha et al 1987, Mathias et al 1990, Carriè re et al 1998, Richmond and Shetlar 2000, Yue et al 2000. Saha et al (1987) Þrst reported reduced numbers of B. l. hirtus on Þne-leaf fescues infected with endophytes.…”

“…Saha et al (1987) Þrst reported reduced numbers of B. l. hirtus on Þne-leaf fescues infected with endophytes. Mathias et al (1990) reported endophyte-enhanced perennial ryegrass cultivars to be resistant to B. l. hirtus and speculated that both antibiosis and antixenosis were responsible for B. l. hirtus resistance in those cultivars. Unfortunately, many of the perennial ryegrass and Þne fescue cultivars known to have resistance to B. l. hirtus are no longer commercially available.…”