Association of alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cells in bone marrow with granulocytic precursors.

Abstract

In the bone marrow, an elaborate stroma forms the structural basis of the hemopoietic microenvironment. In this study, two different types of stromal cells were identified with certainty on tissue sections of intact bone marrow of rats and mice using light and electron microscopic histochemistry: (a) a fibroblast-type of reticulum cell which is characterized by having alkaline phosphatase associated with its plasma membrane. We refer to this cell as the alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cell (Al-RC). It is closely associated with granulocytic precursors, particularly myeloblasts and neutrophilic promyelocytes. These reticulum cells may be found throughout the marrow but are concentrated near the endosteum. (b) a macrophage-type of reticulum cell which is characterized by its abundance of lysosomal acid phosphatase and is mainly associated with erythroid precursors (as observed by others). In contrast to the above-mentioned cell type, this latter cell was found to be distributed uniformly throughout the marrow. We speculate that the Al-RC are mesenchymal stromal cells necessary for granulocytic differentiation in bone marrow.

Pericytes resident in postnatal skeletal muscle differentiate into muscle fibres and generate satellite cells

“…AP is broadly expressed in many pre-and postnatal tissues, and in different cell types such as osteoblasts 37 , embryonic stem cells 38 , bone marrow stroma cells 39 , liver and kidney cells 40 , granulocytes 41 and B cells 42 ; however, in postnatal mouse striated muscles, AP is expressed only by vessel-associated cells, in both endothelial cells and pericytes, as previously reported 9,[14][15][16] , and exhaustively confirmed in this work through a variety of histochemical and immunochemical methods. Most importantly, by using virtually all possible experimental approaches, we demonstrated that both AP and Cre expression are invariably absent in quiescent satellite cells, as well as in proliferating and differentiating myogenic cells in vitro or in vivo, even after cardiotoxin-induced damage.…”

Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Sustain In Vivo the Survival of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and the Granulopoietic Differentiation of More Mature Progenitors

“…Surprisingly, hematopoiesis does not develop when bone marrow cells are grafted without MS-5 cells, although the grafted cell suspension probably contains hematopoietic and stromal cells. Grafted cells adopt a fibroblastic morphology but do not express alkaline phosphatase activity characteristic of Western Bainton fibroblastic reticular cells assumed to represent granulopoiesissupporting stromal cells [16][17][18][19][20]. It is therefore likely that stem cell stroma interactions are not reproduced in the grafts.…”

Distinctive contact between CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors and CXCL12+ CD271+ mesenchymal stromal cells in benign and myelodysplastic bone marrow

“…19 We have mapped putative MSC markers in archival paraffinembedded bone marrow core biopsies to ground current understanding of MSC biology within the intact human marrow in a manner that is translatable to the routine clinical laboratory setting. We have examined in detail several putative MSC markers implicated in hematopoietic stem cell niche formation in mouse models and in vitro, including lowaffinity nerve growth factor receptor/CD271, 20 alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 21,22 nestin, 23 melanoma cell adhesion molecule/CD146 24 and the CXC chemokine CXCL12 (also termed stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1)). 25 We chose the macrophage marker CD163 to provide a widely distributed nonmesenchymal comparison cell type.…”

“…26 Alkaline phosphatase is expressed by MSCs in culture 21 and similarly highlights reticular cells in human bone marrow. 22 Nestin, an intermediate filament protein, identifies a murine multipotent cell population capable of differentiating toward mesenchymal lineages and supporting hematopoietic stem cell homing in a mouse model. 23 Isolated CD146 þ MSCs cells are able to establish the human hematopoietic microenvironment in a mouse model.…”