Association of alcohol and drug use disorders and completed suicide: an empirical review of cohort studies

Wilcox, Holly C.; Conner, Kenneth R.; Caine, Eric D.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.003

Cited by 592 publications

(445 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Compared to the general population, intravenous drug use carries a nearly 14-fold elevated risk of completed suicide (Wilcox et al, 2004), and PWID are estimated to be four times more likely to experience an attempt compared to non-injection drug users (Darke and Kaye, 2004). Studies conducted in the United States (Havens et al, 2004) and Canada (Marshall et al, 2011) among street-based PWID reported six-month prevalences of suicide attempt of 7.0% and 8.0%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of substance use patterns with attempted suicide among persons who inject drugs: Can distinct use patterns play a role?

Artenie

Bruneau

Zang

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: While the elevated risk of suicide attempt among persons who inject drugs (PWID) is well documented, whether use of different substances is associated with varying degrees of risk remains unclear. We sought to examine the associations between substance use patterns and attempted suicide in a prospective cohort of PWID in Montreal, Canada. Methods: Between 2004 and 2011, participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire eliciting information on socio-demographic, substance use patterns, related behaviors, and mental health markers. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the relationship between self-reported use of six common substances (cocaine, amphetamine, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, cannabis and alcohol), associated patterns of use (chronic, occasional and none), and a recent (past six-month) suicide attempt. Results: At baseline, of 1,240 participants (median age: 39.1, 83.7% male), 71 (5.7%) reported a recent suicide attempt. Among 5,621 observations collected during follow-up, 221 attempts were reported by 143 (11.5%) participants. In multivariate analyses adjusting for socio-demographic and psychosocial stressors, among primary drugs of abuse, chronic [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.97] and occasional (AOR: 1.92) cocaine use, and chronic amphetamine use (AOR: 1.96) were independently associated with attempted suicide. Among co-used substances, chronic sedative-hypnotic use was independently associated with an attempt (AOR: 2.29). No statistically significant association was found for the remaining substances. Conclusion: Among PWID at high risk of attempted suicide, stimulant users appear to constitute a particularly vulnerable sub-group. While the mechanisms underlying these associations remain to be elucidated, findings suggest that stimulant-using PWID should constitute a prime focus of suicide prevention efforts

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of substance use patterns with attempted suicide among persons who inject drugs: Can distinct use patterns play a role?

Artenie

Bruneau

Zang

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Two reviews (Harris and Barraclough 1997;Wilcox, Conner et al 2004) reported SMRs for alcohol abuse and completed suicide from the same primary studies (also referenced in Schneider, 2009) and these varied largely. Averaged SMR across samples of both sexes was 979 (i.e.…”

Section: Alcohol and Suicidal Behaviour At The Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In three reviews (Murphy and Wetzel 1990;Cherpitel, Borges et al 2004;Wilcox, Conner et al 2004) the authors discussed differences in study characteristics (e.g. demographic sample composition, sample size, diagnostic criteria and inclusion criteria) as possible reasons for the observed variation in prevalence rates.…”

Section: Alcohol and Suicidal Behaviour At The Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimated relative risks of suicidal behaviour in alcohol abusers varied markedly across primary studies, and one of the four reviews in Table 2 (Wilcox et al 2004) analysed this heterogeneity by conducting a meta-analysis of the relative risk estimates (SMR). The outcome suggested that publication year influenced variation in SMR, whereas study region did not.…”

Section: Alcohol and Suicidal Behaviour At The Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol Consumption as a Risk Factor for Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review of Associations at the Individual and at the Population Level

Norstrøm¹,

Rossow

2016

Archives of Suicide Research

117

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Objectives: To provide an updated review of the magnitude of the relationship between alcohol use and suicidal behaviour at the individual and the population level. Methods: Systematic literature searches retrieved 14 reviews of individual level studies and 16 primary population level studies. Results: Alcohol abuse and alcohol intoxication are often present in suicidal behaviour; risk of suicide is elevated in alcohol abusers ; and increasing population drinking tends to be associated with increase in suicide rates. Estimated magnitude of the relationship differs for men and women and it varies at the population level across cultures with different drinking pattern. These variations probably reflect gender differences and cultural variation in drinking behaviour generally. Conclusion: Empirical evidence for a causal relationship is still urgently needed.

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“…Suicidal behaviors were frequently observed in the total sample, and lifetime suicidal ideation, suicide plans and attempts were more common in alcohol-dependent patients with SAD. Thus, the SAD comorbidity seems to further increase the frequency of suicidal behaviors in these patients [58][59][60][61][62][63] . Interestingly, Bolton et al 64 conducted a study with 8,098 individuals from the US general population and reported that those who used alcohol as self-medication in an attempt to inhibit SAD symptoms presented increased suicide risk, compared with those who did not drink (23.7% vs 6.2%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social anxiety symptoms in alcohol-dependent outpatients: prevalence, severity and predictors

Yoshimi

Campos

Simão

et al. 2016

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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Objectives: High rates of comorbidity between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and alcohol use disorders have been reported, but the predictors of this comorbidity are poorly known and most studies involve primary SAD samples. The aims were to estimate the prevalence and severity of SAD symptoms among alcohol-dependent patients and to investigate sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with SAD comorbidity, including suicidal behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 53 adults who were in treatment for alcohol dependence at a Brazilian public university outpatient service. Assessment instruments: Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Short Alcohol Dependence Data and Beck Depression Inventory. Bivariate analyses between the categorical outcome (Probable SAD: SPIN ≥ 19) and explanatory variables were conducted. Correlates of SPIN total and subscales scores (dimensional outcomes) were also investigated. Results: The diagnosis and treatment of alcohol dependence occurred, on average, 30 years after the onset of alcohol use and 39.6% of the 53 patients (37 men and 16 women) reported alleviation of social anxiety symptoms with alcohol use. Twenty-four (45.3%) patients presented probable SAD. These patients differed from non-SAD alcohol-dependent individuals by having lower income and higher frequency of depression, suicidal ideation, suicide plans and attempts. The SPIN subscales mostly associated with suicidal behaviors were social inadequacy and social inferiority. Conclusions: SAD symptoms are common among help-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals and should be directly investigated and treated, since depression and suicidality are associated with this comorbidity. Prospective studies are needed to assess the impact of SAD treatment on the clinical course of alcohol dependence. RESUMOObjetivos: Altas taxas de comorbidade têm sido descritas entre o transtorno de ansiedade social (TAS) e os transtornos por uso de álcool, mas os preditores dessa comorbidade são pouco conhecidos, e a maioria dos estudos envolve pacientes com diagnóstico primário de TAS. Os objetivos foram estimar a prevalência e a gravidade de sintomas de TAS em pacientes dependentes de álcool e investigar fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados

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Association of alcohol and drug use disorders and completed suicide: an empirical review of cohort studies

Cited by 592 publications

References 49 publications

Associations of substance use patterns with attempted suicide among persons who inject drugs: Can distinct use patterns play a role?

Associations of substance use patterns with attempted suicide among persons who inject drugs: Can distinct use patterns play a role?

Alcohol Consumption as a Risk Factor for Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review of Associations at the Individual and at the Population Level

Social anxiety symptoms in alcohol-dependent outpatients: prevalence, severity and predictors

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