Association of age and gender with Torque teno virus detection in stools from diarrheic and non-diarrheic people

Brassard, Julie; Gagné, Marie-Josée; Leblanc, Danielle; Poitras, Élyse; Houde, Alain; Boras, Valerie F.; Inglis, G. Douglas

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.08.020

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Previous studies also found no correlation between A. butzleri infection and patient age or sex (41,46). In comparison, host infection by pathogenic campylobacters is influenced by both age and sex (46,52,53), as is infection by other emerging pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori (46) and Torque teno virus (51). We found no correlation between A. butzleri infection and place of habitation (i.e., whether patients lived in an urban or rural area).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…In situations where the pathogenicity of enteric bacteria is uncertain (48,49), quantification of microorganism density can provide evidence in support of pathogenicity (i.e., an increase in density of a microorganism in diseased individuals). For example, Phillips et al (50) observed that viral loads of the recognized pathogen norovirus GII were much greater in diarrheic than in nondiarrheic individuals, and Brassard et al (51) observed that viral loads of the emerging pathogen Torque teno virus were much greater in diarrheic than in nondiarrheic people. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to compare densities of A. butzleri in diarrheic and nondiarrheic people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Detection and Quantification of Arcobacter butzleri in Stools from Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic People in Southwestern Alberta, Canada

et al. 2016

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dArcobacter butzleri has been linked to enteric disease in humans, but its pathogenicity and epidemiology remain poorly understood. The lack of suitable detection methods is a major limitation. Using comparative genome analysis, we developed PCR primers for direct detection and quantification of A. butzleri DNA in microbiologically complex matrices. These primers, along with existing molecular and culture-based methods, were used to detect A. butzleri and enteric pathogens in stools of diarrheic and nondiarrheic people (n ‫؍‬ 1,596) living in southwestern Alberta, Canada, from May to November 2008. In addition, quantitative PCR was used to compare A. butzleri densities in diarrheic and nondiarrheic stools. Arcobacter butzleri was detected more often by PCR (59.6%) than by isolation methods (0.8%). Comparison by PCR-based detection found no difference in the prevalence of A. butzleri between diarrheic (56.7%) and nondiarrheic (45.5%) individuals. Rates of detection in diarrheic stools peaked in June (71.1%) and October (68.7%), but there was no statistically significant correlation between the presence of A. butzleri and patient age, sex, or place of habitation. Densities of A. butzleri DNA in diarrheic stools (1.6 ؎ 0.59 log 10 copies mg ؊1 ) were higher (P ‫؍‬ 0.007) than in nondiarrheic stools (1.3 ؎ 0.63 log 10 copies mg ؊1 ). Of the 892 diarrheic samples that were positive for A. butzleri, 74.1% were not positive for other bacterial and/or viral pathogens. The current study supports previous work suggesting that A. butzleri pathogenicity is strain specific and/or dependent on other factors, such as the level of host resistance. N early 1.7 billion cases of diarrheal disease are reported globally each year (1), although this is an underestimation of true rates of enteritis, as many afflicted individuals do not have access to or choose not to pursue medical assistance (2). For those seeking diagnosis, the majority of cases of acute enteritis are not linked to an identified etiological agent (3, 4). Ascertaining the etiology of enteric disease is essential for the development of effective therapeutics and preventative mitigation strategies. Direct contact with animals and ingestion of untreated water and/or undercooked animal products are recognized risk factors for acute enteritis (3), which suggests that a significant number of cases of enteritis are caused by unidentified biotic pathogens of human or zoonotic origin. Critical components of the epidemiology of arcobacteriosis and the population structure of Arcobacter butzleri have yet to be resolved, in large part because effective culture and/or molecular-based detection methods for this bacterium have yet to be developed.Arcobacter butzleri is ubiquitous in the environment (e.g., river water contaminated with human and/or nonhuman animal feces) (5-7). That the bacterium is detected in such a variety of sources suggests that pathways for transmission among animals and environmental sources exist, but accurate source tracking of A. butzleri is hampered by a ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Detection and Quantification of Arcobacter butzleri in Stools from Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic People in Southwestern Alberta, Canada

et al. 2016

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“…Some authors have reported that TTV could be part of the normal flora for both humans and animals (making it a potential source tracking marker, which would help explain its high prevalence in certain populations and in water observed in this study [69,70]). Some recent studies have suggested that human TTV virus could be involved in cases of gastroenteritis and that TTVs could be responsible for pathologies in swine as well, particularly in coinfection with circovirus type 2 (50,(71)(72)(73). The presence of human TTV in water has been frequently observed by others.…”

Section: Detection and Densities Of F-specific Coliphage And Viruses mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…TTV is a small virus classified in the Anelloviridae family with a high-genetic-diversity DNA genome (44,45,48). TTV is associated with persistent and transient infections, such as acute gastroenteritis, but is also excreted by healthy individuals, so it is not clear if TTV is part of the normal gut flora (19,(48)(49)(50). Some studies have demonstrated that TTV is very stable in the environment and more resistant to decontamination treatments than AdV (51,52).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterborne Viruses and F-Specific Coliphages in Mixed-Use Watersheds: Microbial Associations, Host Specificities, and Affinities with Environmental/Land Use Factors

Jones

Brassard

Topp

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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From the years 2008 to 2014, a total of 1,155 water samples were collected (spring to fall) from 24 surface water sampling sites located in a mixed-used but predominantly agricultural (i.e., dairy livestock production) river basin in eastern Ontario, Canada. Water was analyzed for viable F-specific DNA (F-DNA) and F-specific RNA (F-RNA) (genogroup I [GI] to GIV) coliphage and a suite of molecularly detected viruses (norovirus [GI to GIV], torque teno virus [TTV], rotavirus, kobuvirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, hepatitis A, and hepatitis E). F-DNA and F-RNA coliphage were detected in 33 and 28% of the samples at maximum concentrations of 2,000 and 16,300 PFU · 100 ml Ϫ1 , respectively. Animal TTV, human TTV, kobuvirus, astrovirus, and norovirus GIII were the most prevalent viruses, found in 23, 20, 13, 12, and 11% of samples, respectively. Viable F-DNA coliphage was found to be a modest positive indicator of molecularly detected TTV. F-RNA coliphage, unlike F-DNA coliphage, was a modest positive predictor of norovirus and rotavirus. There were, however, a number of significant negative associations among F-specific coliphage and viruses. F-DNA coliphage densities of Ͼ142 PFU · 100 ml Ϫ1 delineated conditions when ϳ95% of water samples contained some type of virus. Kobuvirus was the virus most strongly related to detection of any other virus. Land use had some associations with virus/F-specific coliphage detection, but season and surface water flow were the variables that were most important for broadly delineating detection. Higher relative levels of detection of human viruses and human F-RNA coliphage were associated with higher relative degrees of upstream human land development in a catchment.IMPORTANCE This study is one of the first, to our knowledge, to evaluate relationships among F-specific coliphages and a large suite of enteric viruses in mixed-use but agriculturally dominated surface waters in Canada. This study suggested that relationships between viable F-specific coliphages and molecularly detected viruses do exist, but they are not always positive. Caution should be employed if viable F-specific coliphages are to be used as indicators of virus presence in surface waters. This study elucidates relative effects of agriculture, wildlife, and human activity on virus and F-specific coliphage detection. Seasonal and meteorological attributes play a strong role in the detection of most virus and F-specific coliphage targets.KEYWORDS viruses, F-specific coliphages, pollution, indicators, surface water, microbial source tracking

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“…As a result of the high sequence heterogeneity between TTV genotypes, not all TTV genotypes could be identified (Vasconcelos et al, 2001). Moreover, the varying TTV infection rates could also be related to the multiple modes of TTV transmission (Brassard et al, 2015;Pujol et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance and impact of occult hepatitis B virus, SEN virus, and torque teno virus in Egyptian hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Amer

Yousif

Mohtady

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Egypt ranks first regarding the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Many patients have concomitant diseases like kidney disorders requiring hemodialysis, a procedure carrying the hazard of transmitting other hepatitis viruses. The purpose of this study was to investigate for occult hepatitis B virus (HBV), SEN virus (SENV), and torque teno virus (TTV) among chronic HCV patients on maintenance hemodialysis to identify their impacts. Methods: A total of 325 hemodialysis patients were enrolled and divided into two groups based on HCV RNA testing results. Blood samples were collected before hemodialysis. Sera were tested for hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) using ELISA. HBV, SENV, and TTV DNA were detected by PCR. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was measured. Results: Anti-HBc and HBV DNA were detected in 73.1% and 50.8% of group 1 versus 36.4% and 22.6% of group 2. The serum ALT level was higher in group 1 than group 2. SENV was detected in 11.5% of group 1 versus 8.2% of group 2. TTV was detected in 29% of group 1 versus 27% of group 2. Conclusions: There is an increased prevalence of occult HBV in our locality among chronic HCV patients undergoing hemodialysis. The existence of SENV and TTV viremia has no clinical impact.

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Association of age and gender with Torque teno virus detection in stools from diarrheic and non-diarrheic people

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Comparative Detection and Quantification of Arcobacter butzleri in Stools from Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic People in Southwestern Alberta, Canada

Comparative Detection and Quantification of Arcobacter butzleri in Stools from Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic People in Southwestern Alberta, Canada

Waterborne Viruses and F-Specific Coliphages in Mixed-Use Watersheds: Microbial Associations, Host Specificities, and Affinities with Environmental/Land Use Factors

Surveillance and impact of occult hepatitis B virus, SEN virus, and torque teno virus in Egyptian hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

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