Association of Aflatoxin With Gallbladder Cancer in Chile

Nogueira, Letícia; Foerster, Claudia; Groopman, John D.; Egner, Patricia A.; Koshiol, Jill; Ferreccio, Catterina

doi:10.1001/jama.2015.4559

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For example, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure leads to specific somatic mutations in TP53 , with a high frequency of transversions at codon 249 [28], and animal studies have found that AFB1 exposure leads to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine and regulatory cytokine expression while decreasing lymphocyte proliferation [29,30]. A recent short report found that GBC cases were 13 times more likely to have detectable circulating aflatoxin-albumin adducts than normal controls (OR, 13.2; 95% CI, 4.3–47.9) [31]. While the finding needs to be replicated in other studies, it is of interest because of the link between aflatoxin, TP53 mutations, and inflammation.…”

Section: Inflammation and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The inflammatory inception of gallbladder cancer

Espinoza

Bizama

García

et al. 2016

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer

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115

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Gallbladder cancer is a lethal disease with notable geographical variations worldwide and a predilection towards women. Its main risk factor is prolonged exposure to gallstones, although bacterial infections and other inflammatory conditions are also associated. The recurrent cycles of gallbladder epithelium damage and repair enable a chronic inflammatory environment that promotes progressive morphological impairment through a metaplasia–dysplasia–carcinoma, along with cumulative genome instability. Inactivation of TP53, which is mutated in over 50% of GBC cases, seems to be the earliest and one of the most important carcinogenic pathways involved. Increased cell turnover and oxidative stress promote early alteration of TP53, cell cycle deregulation, apoptosis and replicative senescence. In this review, we will discuss evidence for the role of inflammation in gallbladder carcinogenesis obtained through epidemiological studies, genome-wide association studies, experimental carcinogenesis, morphogenetic studies and comparative studies with other inflammation-driven malignancies. The evidence strongly supports chronic, unresolved inflammation as the main carcinogenic mechanism of gallbladder cancer, regardless of the initial etiologic trigger. Given this central role of inflammation, evaluation of the potential for GBC prevention removing causes of inflammation or using anti-inflammatory drugs in high-risk populations may be warranted.

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Section: Inflammation and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The inflammatory inception of gallbladder cancer

Espinoza

Bizama

García

et al. 2016

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer

Self Cite

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An association has also been found between gallbladder cancer and the aflatoxins present in grain-based agriculture as well as the ochratoxin A in red peppers. This association has been seen in the population of Amerindian ancestry in Chile that consumes them frequently as well as in the Peruvian and Bolivian population [19, 20, 21]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cancer of the gallbladder—Chilean statistics

Olivares

2016

ecancer

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Chile has the world’s highest rate of incidence as well as death from cancer of the gallbladder and biliary ducts. The problem is most acute in the southern provinces. These areas constitute the low average income associated with low educational attainment and a high rate of obesity compared with the rest of Chile. We could also include genetic factors related to processes of lithogenesis to these elements which are more common among the Mapuche. This population sub-group could benefit from special government programmes for early diagnosis and treatment of lithiasic disease and for the management of risk factors such as obesity. In this way, we could reduce the mortality rate of gallbladder cancer.

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“…The level of aflatoxin-albumin adducts was used as a substitute measurement for exposure, and was compared between GbCa patients and two sets of controls either with or without gallstones. The presence of aflatoxin adducts was significantly more frequent in patients with gallbladder disease, and levels of adducts were higher in the patients with GbCa (median value 7.6 pg/mg of albumin) compared to aflatoxin-positive gallbladder controls (3.5 pg/mg of albumin) and community controls without gallstones (2.4 pg/mg of albumin) [35]. These data suggest a role for carcinogenic contaminants in the diet and warrants closer examination of food contaminants in other populations with a higher incidence of GbCa.…”

Section: Environmental Risk Factors For Gallbladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 92%

“…24 No 3: 339-348 Aymara and Chechua Indios in Bolivia [34] and in Chile [7]. A recent study reported a potential association of aflatoxin contamination in ají rojo (red chili peppers) with GbCa in Chile [35]. Aflatoxin is a liver carcinogen associated with bile duct epithelium proliferation in humans and animals.…”

Section: Environmental Risk Factors For Gallbladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable Factors and Genetic Predisposition Associated with Gallbladder Cancer. A Concise Review

Liebe

Milkiewicz

Krawczyk

et al. 2015

JGLD

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Gallbladder cancer (GbCa) is the most frequent malignancy of the biliary tract. It is also the 6th most common gastrointestinal tumor. It is associated with very high lethality, mainly due to the lack of symptoms up to a very late and thus incurable state. As many as 80% of patients are diagnosed at very late stages of disease, which allow only palliative therapy. As a result, most of the patients with GbCa will die within 6 months of the diagnosis, hence the average 5-year survival does not exceed 5%. Currently, surgical resection represents the only curative option in GbCa, but this approach is feasible only at an early stage of the disease. Other oncologic therapies are of limited use. The incidence of GbCa is remarkably increased in certain populations such as Native North Americans, South Indian females and, in Europe, in the Polish population. It is not clear to date if these enhanced risk populations are the result of common environmental exposure or of shared genetic risk factors. In this review we provide an overview of the state-of-art in GbCa research with the focus on the current knowledge concerning genetic and environmental triggers of this tumor.

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Association of Aflatoxin With Gallbladder Cancer in Chile

Cited by 60 publications

References 3 publications

The inflammatory inception of gallbladder cancer

The inflammatory inception of gallbladder cancer

Cancer of the gallbladder—Chilean statistics

Modifiable Factors and Genetic Predisposition Associated with Gallbladder Cancer. A Concise Review

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