Association of adipose tissue blood flow with fat depot sizes and adipokines in women

Abstract

Objective: To explore possible associations between adipose tissue (AT) blood flow (ATBF), AT depot sizes and adipocytederived hormones (adipokines) in women. Subjects: In all, 43 healthy women were divided into four groups: normal-weight (n ¼ 11) and obese (n ¼ 11) pre-menopausal women and normal-weight (n ¼ 10) and obese (n ¼ 11) post-menopausal women. Methods: Fasting levels of adipokines were obtained, and a single-slice computed tomography scan at the level of L4-L5 was used to estimate fat depot sizes. ATBF was assessed by xenon washout while in a fasting state and after oral glucose load. We also measured glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids. Results: Total, subcutaneous and visceral AT areas strongly correlated with ATBF (all Po0.001). Circulating leptin levels strongly and inversely correlated with ATBF (P ¼ 0.001), but this association did not remain after adjustment for body mass index. Adiponectin was not associated with blood flow. Conclusion: ATBF is closely linked to subcutaneous and visceral AT size. Further analyses are needed to determine possible mediators of this association, including mechanistic studies to assess a putative role for leptin as a significant modulator of blood flow.

Repository Describing an Aging Population to Inform Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models Considering Anatomical, Physiological, and Biological Age-Dependent Changes

“…Adipose blood flow increased from 5% in young to 9% in aged males and from 8% in young to 10% in aged females [133,134].…”

Update on adipose tissue blood flow regulation

“…A significant relationship between fasting and postprandial ATBF exists (169), and both processes negatively correlate with BMI (169) or subcutaneous and visceral fat mass (4). Altered fasting and postprandial ATBF were found in all stages of impaired glucose tolerance, from impaired fasting glucose to overt T2DM, even in nonobese first-degree relatives of subjects with T2DM (169).…”

“…Studies addressing direct leptin effect on AT perfusion are lacking. Although some investigators found an inverse correlation between leptin levels and abdominal ATBF (181), this association lost significance after controlling for BMI (4).…”

Fatty acid uptake and blood flow in adipose tissue compartments of morbidly obese subjects with or without type 2 diabetes: effects of bariatric surgery

“…Fatty acid metabolism and blood flow are closely linked (7), and different subcutaneous fat depots have different blood flow rates (11). In obesity, subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow is impaired, likely a consequence of an expanding adipose mass (2). Also, subcutaneous blood flow has been reported to be lower in obese T2D patients as compared with obese subjects without diabetes or lean healthy individuals (19), even after consumption of a mixed meal or glucose (10).…”