Association of adipokines, leptin/adiponectin ratio and C-reactive protein with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

ObjectiveAlterations in plasma adipokines and/or inflammatory parameters in Type 2 DM remain vague as to whether they are due to obesity and/or directly associated with the diabetic state. Our objective was to compare plasma adiponectin, leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) and hs-CRP in obese non-diabetic subjects and non-obese Type 2 DM patients, as well as determining the association of these adipokines with MetS and diabetes-related quantitative traits.MethodsIn this study, 92 Yemeni male volunteers aged 25–60 years old were enrolled, 31 of whom were healthy subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2 served as control; 30 non-diabetic obese subjects BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and FBG < 6.1 mmol/l; and 31 non-obese Type 2 DM with FBG > 7 mmol/l and BMI < 25 kg/m2.ResultsAdiponectin was lower in obese subjects, with no differences between non-obese Type 2 DM patients and controls. In contrast, leptin, LAR and hs-CRP were higher in both obese subjects and non-obese Type 2 DM patients. Linear regression analysis showed adiponectin to be associated negatively with BMI, waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR; whereas leptin, LAR and hs-CRP were associated positively with BMI, waist circumference, TG, FBG, insulin, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR. Moreover, adiponectin negatively correlated with leptin, LAR and hs-CRP; whereas leptin and LAR positively correlated with hs-CRP and with each other.ConclusionPlasma adiponectin is not affected by diabetes per se, suggesting that its alterations in Type 2 DM may be due to obesity and may be an important link between adiposity, IR and Type 2 DM.

Leptin but not adiponectin is related to type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese adolescents

“…Indeed leptin levels were negatively associated with HbA1c in our study. Other studies also reported a relationship between leptin levels and glucose metabolism . However, because leptin levels were lower in children with T1DM as compared with children with T2DM , this finding points against a direct relationship between hyperglycemia and leptin levels.…”

“…However, previous epidemiological studies investigating the association between circulating leptin levels and incident of T2DM yielded discrepant results (12,13). Some studies have reported reduced leptin concentrations in T2DM (14), whereas others reported increased leptin levels (15)(16)(17) or no difference of leptin levels between obese humans with and without T2DM (18).…”

“…Adiponectin levels are inversely correlated to insulin resistance (19,22,23). Several clinical studies have demonstrated that hypoadiponectinemia correlates with the development of T2DM (17,(24)(25)(26), but the causal directions of these associations are unclear. In manifest T2DM, some studies have reported reduced adiponectin concentrations in adults (16,17,(22)(23)(24)(27)(28)(29)(30) and children with T2DM (15,18,(31)(32)(33)(34), whereas others reported no difference in adiponectin levels between obese humans with and without T2DM (18,31).…”

Role of plasma adiponectin /C-reactive protein ratio in obesity and type 2 diabetes among African Americans

“…Adiponectin and CRP are independent risk factors of CVD, together serve a synergistic role in metabolic regulation in the general population and T2D subjects [35][36][37] . We found that AA women with high adiponectin and low CRP levels, which translated into a high ratio, had significantly lower FG, IN, HOMA-IR, WC, %BF and BMI relative to those with a low ratio.…”

Decreased Leptin Is Associated with Alterations in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…In addition, reasons for the elevated TSH levels among diabetics are still uncertain. Previous studies suggested that leptin levels were higher in diabetics [22], which might stimulate TSH synthesis via the HPT axis. Therefore, a decline in TSH release and FT 3 /FT 4 concentrations may contribute to the compensatory reductions in energy expenditure and catabolism that typically accompany weight loss and diabetes remission induced by RYGB.…”