Association of active human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection with autoimmune thyroid gland diseases

Sultanova, Alina; Cistjakovs, Maksims; Grāvelsiņa, Sabīne; Chapenko, Svetlana; Roga, Silvija; Cunskis, Egils; Nora-Krūkle, Zaiga; Groma, Valērija; Ventina, Ildze; Murovska, Modra

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.09.023

Cited by 39 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The E2 protein also induces the upregulation of molecules involved in innate immune pathways (34). Also human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) infection is associated with ATD onset, in fact, a high level of HHV-6 activation marker was found in thyroid tissue of patients with ATD (35). In myasthenic patients, the existence of a chronic inflammatory state in the thymus could alter innate immune responses leading to self-tolerance failure (36–39).…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Myasthenia Gravis

Lopomo

Berrih‐Aknin

2017

Front. Endocrinol.

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Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the result of specific immune responses directed against structures of the self. In normal conditions, the molecules recognized as “self” are tolerated by immune system, but when the self-tolerance is lost, the immune system could react against molecules from the body, causing the loss of self-tolerance, and subsequently the onset of AID that differs for organ target and etiology. Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is caused by the development of autoimmunity against thyroid antigens and comprises Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves disease. They are frequently associated with other organ or non-organ specific AIDs, such as myasthenia gravis (MG). In fact, ATD seems to be the most associated pathology to MG. The etiology of both diseases is multifactorial and it is due to genetic and environmental factors, and each of them has specific characteristics. The two pathologies show many commonalities, such as the organ-specificity with a clear pathogenic effect of antibodies, the pathological mechanisms, such as deregulation of the immune system and the implication of the genetic predisposition. They also show some differences, such as the mode of action of the antibodies and therapies. In this review that focuses on ATD and MG, the common features and the differences between the two diseases are discussed.

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Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Myasthenia Gravis

Lopomo

Berrih‐Aknin

2017

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…The main other infectious agents that the literature has linked to AITD are Epstein–Barr virus (63), hepatitis C virus (64), parvovirus B19 (64), human herpesvirus-6 (65), and Helicobacter pylori (66). For lichen, association was reported with Epstein–Barr virus—also known as human herpesvirus 4 (67), hepatitis C virus (67, 68), human papillomavirus (67, 69), and human herpesvirus-7 (70), while correlation with H. pylori is controversial (71, 72).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Autoimmunity and Lichen

et al. 2017

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Lichen planus (LP) and lichen sclerosus (LS) are cutaneous-mucous diseases with uncertain epidemiology. Current data, which are likely to be underestimated, suggest a prevalence in the general population of 0.1–4% for cutaneous LP, 1.27–2.0% for oral LP, and 0.1–3.3% for LS. While etiology of lichen is still unknown, clinical and histological evidence show an (auto)immune pathogenesis. Association of lichen with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been investigated in few studies. This association appears better defined in the case of LS, while is more controversial for LP. In both situations, the frequency of the association is higher in females. We review the available literature on the correlation between the different types of lichen and AITD, and the literature on the genetic risk factors which are shared by both conditions. Such data suggest that a common pathogenic mechanism could be the cause for co-occurrence of lichen and AITD, at least in some patients. Additionally, analyzing literature data and in continuity with our previous work on other autoimmune diseases, we suggest that molecular mimicry could trigger both diseases, and thus explain their co-occurrence.

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“…Nowadays, more evidence indicates HHV-6 as a very important factor in AIT development (Rizzo et al, 2016;Caselli et al, 2017;Sultanova et al, 2017). Our previous studies showed almost 100% incidence of the HHV-6 genomic sequence in thyroid gland tissues acquired from AIT patients and insignificant presence in peripheral blood (Sultanova et al, 2016;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Key words: HHV-6, autoimmunity, thyroid gland. ers of HHV-6 active infection (presence of HHV-6 U79/80 mRNA), while only 6% contained the marker in the control group (Sultanova et al, 2017). Another finding of our previous studies was a significant difference in the presence of HHV-6 genomic sequence in thyroid gland tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations, where no signs of virus presence were found in CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are considered as the main target cells for HHV-6 (Sultanova et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…HHV-6 is known to have strong immunomodulating properties, which could affect the host during a long period of time and contribute to several autoimmune disorders, in-cluding autoimmune haemolytic anaemia/neutropenia (Yagasaki et al, 2011), autoimmune acute hepatitis (Grima et al, 2008) and multiple sclerosis (Chapenko et al, 2003;Tejada-Simon et al, 2003). Recent studies pay more and more attention to the possible involvement of human herpesvirus-6 in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) development (Rizzo et al, 2016;Caselli et al, 2017;Sultanova et al, 2017). The contribution to several autoimmune diseases and its widespread distribution, make HHV-6 an important threat to overall health and quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monocytes/Macrophages Act as Mediators for Human Herpesvirus-6 Infection of Thyroid Gland in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Sokolovska

Sultanova

Cistjakovs

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using monocytes/macrophages as mediators in human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection of thyroid gland tissues in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Seventy-three AIT patients were enrolled in this study. The control group consisted of 80 blood donors. Monocyte/macrophage isolation for AIT patient samples was performed by adherence. HHV-6 was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA samples using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Gene expression of HHV-6 active infection marker (U79/80) and chemokine receptors (U12, U51) in patient monocyte/macrophage samples and blood donor PBMC samples was detected using reverse-transcription PCR. HHV-6 viral load was detected by using quantitative-PCR technique. The HHV-6 genomic sequence was found significantly more frequently among AIT patient than control group samples. Markers of active infection were found in 8 AIT patient monocyte/macrophage samples (11%) and in none of control group PBMC samples. HHV-6 U51 mRNA expression was detected only in AIT patient samples (2/24 previously positive for HHV-6). Since HHV-6 genomic sequences were found significantly more frequently in AIT patient samples and active infection markers were found in patient monocytes/macrophages, our results suggest that monocytes/macrophages may be used by HHV-6 as mediators for thyroid gland infection.

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Association of active human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection with autoimmune thyroid gland diseases

Abstract: These findings provide evidence of strong HHV-6 infection association with AIT development.

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Myasthenia Gravis

Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Myasthenia Gravis

Thyroid Autoimmunity and Lichen

Monocytes/Macrophages Act as Mediators for Human Herpesvirus-6 Infection of Thyroid Gland in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

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