Association of ACE <i>DD</i> Genotype with Hypertension among the Tribal Populations of South India

Abstract

The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is an important regulator of the blood pressure(BP). The level of the vasoactive peptide Angiotensin-II, is mainly determined by the RAS enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1). Polymorphisms in ACE gene is reported to be associated with hypertension in various populations worldwide. We investigated the association of ACE I/D polymorphisms with hypertension among the tribal populations of South India. Samples were collected from hypertensive patients (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 37). Genotyping was performed using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with allele specific primers. The DD genotype is significantly observed among the cases (OR = 1.0) . Specifically, the DD genotype is more evident among the females (OR = 0.705) than males (OR = 1.22) and is analysed to be associated with hypertension among the tribal populations of South India.

Association of DD genotype of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (I/D) polymorphism with hypertension among a North Indian population

“…The positive association of DD genotype with hypertension as seen in the present study was found to be in concordance with the previous studies reporting positive associations (Choudhury et al 2012;Zarouk et al 2011;Paramasivam et al 2016;Krishnan et al 2016; Shanmuganathan et al 2014). Thus, DD genotype appeared to be an important determinant of elevated blood pressure.…”

“…In spite of its location in non-coding region, ACE I/D gene polymorphism appears to regulate the serum ACE activity. Several epidemiological studies have reported positive association of ACE gene I/D polymorphism with hypertension, specifically DD genotype being associated with elevated blood pressure among different populations (Tiret et al 1992;Martinez et al 2000;Choudhury et al 2012;Singh et al 2016;Krishnan et al 2016;Paramasivam et al 2016). Populations with rural agricultural background practicing lacto-vegetarian diet (Key et al 1999) and high physical activity (Ekblom-Bak et al 2014) are expected to be cardio-protected.…”

Lack of association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype and essential hypertension in Peruvian older people

“…A recent study in Brazil also found no relationship; however, this relationship became significant only when ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms were combined [18]. Prior to this study, the only study conducted in Peru (Lima and Chincha), was that of Lizaraso et al and found no relationship between these polymorphisms and essential hypertension [9].…”

“…A study conducted in the USA with Mexican-Americans found an association between the D allele and essential arterial hypertension [7]. Studies in India have also reported an association between the ACE/(D/D) genotype and essential hypertension [8][9][10][11].…”

Anatase TiO2 nanotube powder film with high crystallinity for enhanced photocatalytic performance

“…This is due to the excellent light trapping, enhanced electron-hole separation, and much slower deactivation of NTs during the photocatalytic reaction [8]. To further enhance the photocatalytic activity of NTs, various strategies have been used such as the improvement of morphology, crystal structure, and surface area [9,10], introduction of heterogeneous structures by decoration [11,12], and metal or non-metal doping [ 13,14]. Among these, the enhancement of NT crystallinity has been considered as an important and widely investigated approach to achieve better photocatalytic performances.…”