Association of 16SrII-C and 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasma strains with witches’ broom disease of Parthenium hysterophorus and insect vector Orosius albicinctus in India

Abstract

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus, Asteraceae) is a common, invasive weed found throughout the Indian subcontinent, Africa, America and Australia. The observed disease, Parthenium Witches' Broom (PWB), characterised by phylloidy, stunting and prolific branching was observed during a field survey conducted between September 2014 to June 2015. PWB phytoplasma was detected in all symptomatic plant samples and in the previously reported insect vector, Orosius albicinctus belonging to family Cicadellidae (subfamily Deltocephalinae) and other Hemipteran insect samples by amplifying its 16S rRNA gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a 'Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia'-related strains associated with witches' broom disease of P. hysterophorus and insect vector Orosius albicinctus.

Identification, occurrence, incidence and transmission of phytoplasma associated with Petunia violacea witches’ broom in Iran

“…Orosius albicinctus resulted the vector of the disease in Bandar Abbas confirming its vector ability reported for diverse phytoplasmas to different plant species (Esmailzadeh‐Hosseini, Mirzaie, Jafari‐Nodooshan, & Rahimian, ; Ikten et al, ; Nikooei & Hemmati, ; Omidi, Hosseini Pour, Massumi, & Rahimian, ; Salehi et al, ; Yadav, Thorat, Bhale, & Shouche, ). For instance, Vasudeva and Sahambi () reported that Orosius spp.…”

Candidatus Phytoplasma Australasia Associated with Alfalfa Witches’ Broom: Symptomatology, Quantitative Loss, Qualitative Loss and Molecular Characterization

“…The parthenium plants infected with phytoplasma in the vicinity of an alfalfa field had identical symptoms such as short proliferation with short internodal followed by floral deformation (Fig 2C). Yadav et al (2015) reported the phytoplasma infecting Parthenium hysterophorus shares 99.3% rDNA sequence similarity with 'Ca. P. aurantifolia' 16S rDNA II-D.…”

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“…Majority of these genes associated with either host plant resistance mechanisms against various pathogens and pests or the biotic stresses. Thus, the P. hysterophorus plants might have showed greater endurance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and showed its best survival nature baring a few such as witches broom disease (Li et al 2011;Keshwal, 1982;Yadav et al 2015;Fauzi, 2009). Further, the expression pattern of some of the pathogenesis related genes viz; pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1), nematode resistance protein-(HSPRO2), rust resistance kinase Lr10, chitinase1, leaf rust 10 disease-resistance locus receptor-like protein kinase (Like 1.3), and defensin-A3 were evaluated among different tissue of healthy plant as well as phytoplasma infected plants (Table 4; Figure 3) showing symptoms of witches broom disease.…”

“…In nature, it's very hard to detect any organism which are parasitizing on P. hysterophorus. Very rarely some fungus like rust causing and witches broom disease caused by phytoplasma are reported (Li et al 2011;Keshwal, 1982;Yadav et al 2015). Further, expression of some pathogenesis related genes like (TMV) disease resistance protein RPP4, pathogenesis-related protein PR-1, and leaf rust 10 disease-resistance locus receptor in phytoplasma infected plants were found to be suppressed.…”