Association between Year of Birth and Cognitive Functions in Russia and the Czech Republic: Cross-Sectional Results of the HAPIEE Study

Bobák, Martin; Richards, Marcus; Malyutina, Sofia; Kubínová, Růžena; Peasey, Anne; Pikhart, Hynek; Шишкин, Сергей Владимирович; Nikitin, Yu. P.; Marmot, Michael

doi:10.1159/000229777

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…It would also be interesting to compare mean values for serum folate and vitamin B 12 status and mean cognitive performance in Central and Eastern European cohorts with other European or international cohorts. However, methodological differences in measurement of biomarkers and cognition between our study and previous studies ( Bobak et al, 2009 ) make such direct comparisons difficult.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Serum folate, vitamin B-12 and cognitive function in middle and older age: The HAPIEE study

Horvat¹,

Gardiner

Kubínová

et al. 2016

Experimental Gerontology

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BackgroundNutrient status of B vitamins, particularly folate and vitamin B-12, may be related to cognitive ageing but epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the association of serum folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations with cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults from three Central and Eastern European populations.MethodsMen and women aged 45–69 at baseline participating in the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study were recruited in Krakow (Poland), Kaunas (Lithuania) and six urban centres in the Czech Republic. Tests of immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency and letter search were administered at baseline and repeated in 2006–2008. Serum concentrations of biomarkers at baseline were measured in a sub-sample of participants. Associations of vitamin quartiles with baseline (n = 4166) and follow-up (n = 2739) cognitive domain-specific z-scores were estimated using multiple linear regression.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, folate was positively associated with letter search and vitamin B-12 with word recall in cross-sectional analyses. In prospective analyses, participants in the highest quartile of folate had higher verbal fluency (p < 0.01) and immediate recall (p < 0.05) scores compared to those in the bottom quartile. In addition, participants in the highest quartile of vitamin B-12 had significantly higher verbal fluency scores (β = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.21).ConclusionsFolate and vitamin B-12 were positively associated with performance in some but not all cognitive domains in older Central and Eastern Europeans. These findings do not lend unequivocal support to potential importance of folate and vitamin B-12 status for cognitive function in older age. Long-term longitudinal studies and randomised trials are required before drawing conclusions on the role of these vitamins in cognitive decline.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Serum folate, vitamin B-12 and cognitive function in middle and older age: The HAPIEE study

Horvat¹,

Gardiner

Kubínová

et al. 2016

Experimental Gerontology

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“…The absence of studies from Eastern Europe and Russia is notable, but a 2009 paper with a large number of Russian authors stated: “To our knowledge, there are no published or ongoing population-based studies designed to estimate the prevalence of AD and other forms of dementia in Russia.” 186 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate alcohol consumption and cognitive risk

Neafsey¹,

Collins²

2011

NDT

182

155

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We reviewed 143 papers that described the relationship between moderate drinking of alcohol and some aspect of cognition. Two types of papers were found: (1) those that provided ratios of risk between drinkers and nondrinkers (74 papers in total) and (2) those that, although they did not provide such ratios, allowed cognition in drinkers to be rated as “better,” “no different,” or “worse” than cognition in nondrinkers (69 papers in total). The history of research on moderate drinking and cognition can be divided into two eras: 1977–1997 and 1998–present. Phase I (1977–1997) was the era of neuropsychological evaluation involving mostly young to middle-aged (18–50 years old) subjects. Although initial studies indicated moderate drinking impaired cognition, many later studies failed to confirm this, instead finding no difference in cognition between drinkers and nondrinkers. Phase II (1998–present) was and is the era of mental status exam evaluation involving mostly older (≥55 years old) subjects. These studies overwhelmingly found that moderate drinking either reduced or had no effect on the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. When all the ratios of risk from all the studies in phase II providing such ratios are entered into a comprehensive meta-analysis, the average ratio of risk for cognitive risk (dementia or cognitive impairment/decline) associated with moderate “social” (not alcoholic) drinking of alcohol is 0.77, with nondrinkers as the reference group. The benefit of moderate drinking applied to all forms of dementia (dementia unspecified, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia) and to cognitive impairment (low test scores), but no significant benefit against cognitive decline (rate of decline in test scores) was found. Both light and moderate drinking provided a similar benefit, but heavy drinking was associated with nonsignificantly higher cognitive risk for dementia and cognitive impairment. Although the meta-analysis also indicated that wine was better than beer or spirits, this was based on a relatively small number of studies because most studies did not distinguish among these different types of alcohol. Furthermore, a number of the studies that did make the distinction reported no difference among the effects of these different types of alcohol. Therefore, at present this question remains unanswered. Analysis also showed that the presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele eliminated the benefit of moderate drinking. However, this was based on a relatively small number of studies and several other studies have found a beneficial effect of the epsilon e4 allele. Further studies are necessary to settle this question. The benefit of moderate alcohol for cognition was seen in both men and women, although the amount and pattern of drinking is very different between the two sexes. Lastly, the finding of unaffected or significantly reduced cognitive risk in light to moderate drinkers was seen in 14/19 countries for which country-specific ratio data were available, with three of the five rema...

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“…Russian men and women had much steeper decline in probability of being healthy in comparison not only to the populations in Western Europe, but also to the former communist Eastern EU countries [16]. Similarly, almost no difference at younger ages and worse levels of cognitive outcomes at older ages were indicated in Russia compared with the Czech Republic [17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in health and mortality in Moscow and Denmark

Oksuzyan

Vaupel

et al. 2014

Eur J Epidemiol

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In high income countries females outlive men, although they generally report worse health, the so-called male–female health-survival paradox. Russia has one of the world’s largest sex difference in life expectancy with a male disadvantage of more than 10 years. We compare components of the paradox between Denmark and Moscow by examining sex differences in mortality and several health measures. The Human Mortality Database and the Russian Fertility and Mortality Database were used to examine sex differences in all-cause death rates in Denmark, Russia, and Moscow in 2007–2008. Self-reported health data were obtained from the Study of Middle-Aged Danish Twins (n = 4,314), the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins (n = 4,731), and the study of Stress, Aging, and Health in Russia (n = 1,800). In both Moscow and Denmark there was a consistent female advantage at ages 55–89 years in survival and a male advantage in self-rated health, physical functioning, and depression symptomatology. Only on cognitive tests males performed similarly to or worse than women. Nevertheless, Muscovite males had more than twice higher mortality at ages 55–69 years compared to Muscovite women, almost double the ratio in Denmark. The present study showed that despite similar directions of sex differences in health and mortality in Moscow and Denmark, the male–female health-survival paradox is very pronounced in Moscow suggesting a stronger sex-specific disconnect between health indicators and mortality among middle-aged and young-old Muscovites.

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Association between Year of Birth and Cognitive Functions in Russia and the Czech Republic: Cross-Sectional Results of the HAPIEE Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Serum folate, vitamin B-12 and cognitive function in middle and older age: The HAPIEE study

Serum folate, vitamin B-12 and cognitive function in middle and older age: The HAPIEE study

Moderate alcohol consumption and cognitive risk

Sex differences in health and mortality in Moscow and Denmark

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