Association between vitamin D status and risk of covid-19 in-hospital mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Ebrahimzadeh, Armin; Mohseni, Shokouh; Narimani, Behnaz; Ebrahimzadeh, Anahita; Kazemi, Soroosh; Keshavarz, Fatemeh; Yaghoubi, Mohammad Javad; Milajerdi, Alireza

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.2012419

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Among studies with ≥200 subjects and with in-hospital mortality as the endpoint, a majority show an association between low serum 25(OH)D and increased mortality from COVID-19 (Table 1). This is in keeping with the result of a recent systematic review that included 13 observational studies [49].…”

Section: Vitamin D Status and Covid-19 Outcomes-hospital Studiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited

et al. 2022

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Vitamin D, when activated to 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, is a steroid hormone that induces responses in several hundred genes, including many involved in immune responses to infection. Without supplementation, people living in temperate zones commonly become deficient in the precursor form of vitamin D, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, during winter, as do people who receive less sunlight exposure or those with darker skin pigmentation. Studies performed pre‐COVID‐19 have shown significant but modest reduction in upper respiratory infections in people receiving regular daily vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency, like the risk of severe COVID‐19, is linked with darker skin colour and also with obesity. Greater risk from COVID‐19 has been associated with reduced ultraviolet exposure. Various studies have examined serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels, either historical or current, in patients with COVID‐19. The results of these studies have varied but the majority have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of COVID‐19 illness or severity. Interventional studies of vitamin D supplementation have so far been inconclusive. Trial protocols commonly allow control groups to receive low‐dose supplementation that may be adequate for many. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease severity in patients with existing COVID‐19 are further complicated by the frequent use of large bolus dose vitamin D to achieve rapid effects, even though this approach has been shown to be ineffective in other settings. As the pandemic passes into its third year, a substantial role of vitamin D deficiency in determining the risk from COVID‐19 remains possible but unproven.

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Section: Vitamin D Status and Covid-19 Outcomes-hospital Studiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, numerous studies have indicated the effective roles of vitamin C in the prevention of infections, such as SARS coronavirus ( 31 , 32 ). A recent meta-analysis indicated that low serum vitamin D concentration was associated with more risk of in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19 ( 13 ). Roles of vitamin D in immune responses and protecting the body against various viruses have been reported previously ( 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, numerous studies have indicated that deficiency in vitamins and minerals might influence susceptibility to infectious diseases ( 12 ). In addition, some studies have shown the special role of some vitamins such as vitamin D in the immune function through infectious diseases ( 13 , 14 ). However, it must be kept in mind that interactions between nutrients might confound the association of a specific nutrient with COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major dietary patterns in relation to disease severity, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in patients recovered from COVID-19

2022

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BackgroundCOVID-19 is a highly transmissible viral infection with high morbidity. Few studies have been done about dietary intakes in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between major dietary patterns before COVID-19 diagnosis in recovered patients and the risk of disease severity and symptoms after the disease begins.MethodsOverall, 250 recovered cases with both genders completed study questionnaires providing data on demographic characteristics, self-reported web-based 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and COVID-19 outcomes in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan. PCR was used to determine a positive diagnosis of COVID-19. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association between major dietary patterns and study outcomes. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS version 16.ResultsWe identified three major dietary patterns—unhealthy, traditional, and healthy dietary patterns. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were significantly higher in patients with unhealthy and traditional dietary patterns and lower in those with healthy dietary patterns. There was a significant direct relationship between unhealthy and traditional patterns with risk of severe COVID-19 and hospitalization duration and a significant direct association between an unhealthy pattern and the odds ratio (OR) of convalescence duration. A significant inverse relationship was found between healthy pattern and risk of severe COVID-19 and OR of convalescence duration. We found a significant direct association between unhealthy pattern and OR of cough, fever, chilling, weakness, myalgia, nausea and vomiting, and sore throat and between traditional pattern and OR of cough, fever, and chilling. In contrast, a significant inverse association was seen between healthy pattern and OR of dyspnea, weakness, and sore throat.ConclusionThis study showed that high adherence to an healthy pattern was associated with lower CRP and ESR levels and lower risk of severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and convalescence duration in patients who recovered from COVID-19. More adherence to unhealthy or traditional dietary patterns was associated with higher CRP and ESR levels and a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and hospitalization duration. A direct association was found between unhealthy and traditional patterns and the risk of some COVID-19 symptoms, while an inverse association was found for a healthy dietary pattern.

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“…The interest of the scientific world in assessing the possible beneficial effects of this fat-soluble compound has now led to about 50 meta-analyses. Some of these works suggest that vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency increases susceptibility to COVID-19 and severe forms of this infectious disease, with longer in-hospital stays, more elevated requirements for ICU admission and higher mortality rates [171] , [172] . Furthermore, supplementation of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with this micronutrient decreases the risk of a poor outcome and improves their prognosis [173] , [174] .…”

Section: Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: What we know, what we can do to improve them and what we could learn from other well-known viruses

et al. 2022

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<abstract> <p>In recent weeks, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections has been progressively increasing all over the globe, even in countries where vaccination programs have been strongly implemented. In these regions in 2021, a reduction in the number of hospitalizations and deaths compared to 2020 was observed. This decrease is certainly associated with the introduction of vaccination measures. The process of the development of effective vaccines represents an important challenge. Overall, the breakthrough infections occurring in vaccinated subjects are in most cases less severe than those observed in unvaccinated individuals. This review examines the factors affecting the immunogenicity of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and the possible role of nutrients in modulating the response of distinct immune cells to the vaccination.</p> </abstract>

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Association between vitamin D status and risk of covid-19 in-hospital mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited

Vitamin D and COVID‐19—Revisited

Major dietary patterns in relation to disease severity, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in patients recovered from COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: What we know, what we can do to improve them and what we could learn from other well-known viruses

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