Association between vitamin D deficiency and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in female population: a systematic review

Abstract

BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) especially in female population, has become a major problem in health care systems. In this regards, it is necessary to identify the risk factors. Vitamin D deficiency is now proposed as one of the possible risk factors for metabolic syndrome, we investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and MS in female.MethodsWe searched observational studies with keywords Vitamin D, metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome X, insulin-resistance syndrome, metabolic cardiovascular syndrome and Reaven Syndrome X and female in pubmed, scopus, science direct, cochrane, web of science, google scholar and SID databases, regardless of publication time. Two hundred ninety five studies were found, and finally only 12 articles were selected according to exclusion and inclusion criteria.ResultsIn nine studies that reported the prevalence of MS, the prevalence of MS among women with vitamin D deficiency was higher than female with normal vitamin D (34.5 vs. 30.2%). The prevalence of abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high TG and HDL deficiency is higher in women with vitamin D deficiency. Also, the mean waist circumference, blood pressure, fast blood sugar (FBS), TG and BMI were higher. The most incident factor was high blood pressure (61.4 vs. 56.5%) and the lowest prevalence is associated with high FBS (32.2 vs. 33.5% in the other group).ConclusionThe prevalence of MS is significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency, and among related factors, HDL, TG and blood pressure are statistically associated with vitamin D status.

Association of Serum 25(OH)D with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Women of Childbearing Age

“…A follow-up study conducted among healthy adolescent girls in Iran reported that there were significant reductions in DBP, WC, and serum FBG, TC, and LDL-C after the 9-week vitamin D supplementation, but no significant effects were observed on BMI, SBP, serum HDL-C, or TG [ 52 ]. Moreover, a recent meta-analysis including nine cross-sectional studies indicated that abdominal obesity, high BP, high TG, and reduced HDL-C were statistically associated with vitamin D status in the female population [ 53 ]. In our study, elevated WC and TG and reduced HDL-C were associated with insufficient vitamin D among women of childbearing age.…”

Association between vitamin D and cardiovascular health: Myth or Fact? A narrative review of the evidence

“… 88 In addition, the prevalence of abdominal obesity, high BP, hypertriglyceridemia, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency was higher in vitamin D-deficient women. 88 – 91 In another meta-analysis including 28 studies, a higher serum 25(OH)D3 levels were associated with a 51% lower risk of MS, 55% reduction in diabetes, and 33% lower risk of cardiovascular disease. 92 In a recent systematic review and meta-analyses of a total of 23 observational studies (19 cross-sectional studies and four cohort studies), Lee and Kim 93 showed that 25 nmol/L (10 ng/mL) increment in the serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was associated with 20% and 15% lower risks of MS in cross-sectional studies and cohort studies, respectively.…”

Mediation of BMI on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in U.S. Adults with Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption

“…25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is a commonly used biomarker for vitamin D status [3]. Accumulating studies have shown that low concentrations of 25(OH)D are associated with numerous health conditions, including bone health [4], glucose homeostasis [5], development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease [6], cancer-related mortality and progression [7], depression [8], inflammation [9], multiple sclerosis [10], and metabolic syndrome [11]. Based on clinical 2 of 15 recommendations, individuals with serum 25(OH)D levels ≤ 20 ng/mL and 21-29 ng/mL are defined as having vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively [3,12].…”