Association between vitamin D and depressive symptoms varies by season: Results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)

Abstract

module (PHQ-9) and defined as severity of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score, range 0-27 points) and elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score >= 10 points) were analysed using multivariable linear and logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic, biological and lifestyle factors. Analyses were stratified by summertime (May to October) and wintertime (November to April) because of evidence for interaction with season (p=<0.01). 3 ResultsIn crude analyses, vitamin D status was inversely associated with both depression outcomes in summertime but not in wintertime. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significant association with severity of depressive symptoms remained in summer, with 0.73 point lower PHQ-9 scores in the highest versus lowest quartile. The association between 25(OH)D quartiles and elevated depressive symptoms in summertime was less strong and no longer significant in fully adjusted models. LimitationsParticipants with severe depression may be underrepresented in DEGS1. Residual confounding cannot be excluded. Conclusion25(OH)D serum levels were inversely associated with current depressive symptoms in summer but not in wintertime. The fact that the association is stronger in summertime suggests that vitamin D deficiency may be a consequence rather than a cause of depression.

Glycaemic status and depressive symptoms among adults in Germany: results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)

“…ª 2018 Diabetes UK symptoms and as a dichotomous variable using the threshold case definition (PHQ-9 score ≥10) for elevated depressive symptoms, consistent with previous studies [16].…”

“…In the present study, the PHQ‐9 score was analysed as both a continuous variable (range 0–27) for severity of depressive symptoms and as a dichotomous variable using the threshold case definition (PHQ‐9 score ≥10) for elevated depressive symptoms, consistent with previous studies .…”

Vitamin D Levels and Depressive Symptoms’ Severity Among University Employees in Lebanon

“…In another study which was conducted among a population-based sample of 6,331 German adults aged 18-79 years (mean age=46.8 years), findings from both linear/ logistic regression analyses revealed no significant association between serum 25OHD levels and PHQ-9 score/ depression status (PHQ-9 score ≥10) during wintertime after adjustment for confounders. In this sample, the mean 25(OH)D was 18.51 ng/ml, mean PHQ-9 score was 4.1, and prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥10) was 7.5% (Rabenberg et al, 2016). Although the adjusted odds of presence of current clinically relevant depressive symptoms (BDI score ≥10) among individuals with serum 25 (OH)D concentrations in the highest quartile was lower compared to those with serum 25 (OH)D concentrations in the lowest quartile; yet it was statistically non-significant (OR= 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69-1.01, p =0.08) in a representative sample of 5,371 adult Finnish men and women aged 30-79 years (mean age=50.4 years) (Jääskeläinen et al, 2015).…”

Influência dos ácidos graxos ômega 3 e vitamina D na depressão: uma breve revisão

“…A presença de receptores de vitamina D e as enzimas de ativação da vitamina D em várias partes do cérebro humano contribuem para a regulação do humor e depressão, como o hipocampo, hipotálamo e córtex pré-frontal o que traz explicações biológicas plausíveis para a relação entre a deficiência de vitamina D e depressão (ANGLIN et al, 2013, RABENBERG, et al, 2016. Leedahl et al( 2013) verificaram que indivíduos que recebiam suplementação com vitamina D na dose de 400 ou 600 U.I./dia durante um pe ríodo de seis meses relataram melhora na sensação de bem-estar com a dose mais alta.…”

“…Três estudos não observaram a influência da estação (BRADENBARG, et al, 2012;NANRI et al, 2009;STEWART;HIRANI, 2010) enquanto outros dois relataram evidências conflitantes e uma associação inversa entre a vitamina D e sintomas depressivos no inverno Noang et al (2011) e no verão (KJAERGAARD; JOAKIMSEN; JORDE, 2011). Rabenberg et al (2016) estudaram a relação estação do ano: vitamina D e depressão através do Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (versão alemã do módulo de depressão 9-item do questionário de saúde do paciente) e verificaram que os níveis de depressão são maiores no verão e não no inverno na população entre 18-79 anos na Alemanha. A associação no verão sugere que a relação entre os níveis de vitamina D e os sintomas depressivos são maiores quando a exposição à radiação UVB são mais elevadas.…”