Association between Use of Spermicide-coated Condoms and Escherichia coli Urinary Tract infection in Young Women

Fihn, Stephan D.; Boyko, Edward J.; Normand, Esther H.; Chen, Chi‐Ling; Grafton, Jane; Hunt, Marcia G.; Yarbro, Patricia; Scholes, Delia; Stergachis, Andy

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008958

Cited by 86 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Earlier case-control studies in young women without diabetes have demonstrated that sexual intercourse and diaphragm/spermicide or condom use are significantly associated with the presence of UTIs (12,13). A large prospective study of sexually active young women also showed that recent sexual intercourse and the use of diaphragms with spermicide were strong risk factors for UTI development (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in women with diabetes.

Geerlings

Stolk

Camps³

et al. 2000

Diabetes Care

162

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A n increased prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) has been described in women with diabetes compared with women without diabetes (1-6). Because UTI complications (e.g., bacteremia, renal abscesses, and renal papillary necrosis) occur more often in diabetic patients, it is important to recognize UTIs in this patient group (1,2). However, the risk factors for developing a UTI have not been defined in women with diabetes, and it is unknown whether ASB precedes symptomatic bacteriuria in these patients. Therefore, we decided to investigate which risk factors (including ASB) are associated with an increased risk of symptomatic UTI development in a large group of women with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes during a period of 18 months. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The recruitment of the patients has been described elsewhere (6). Briefly, all patients were interviewed, and data were obtained from the hospital files using a standardized questionnaire. We performed two urinary cultures to diagnose ASB in 417 of the 636 patients and did not find any significant differences between these 417 patients and the whole study group. At the moment of study entry (i.e., the initial clinical visit), all patients were given a standard form with a return envelope and were asked to mail the form to the investigator (S.E.G.) if they developed a symptomatic UTI (e.g., symptoms of dysuria, increased frequency of urination, and lower abdominal or flank pain) or used antimicrobial agents for any reason during the 18 months after inclusion. Furthermore, the treating physician asked the patient if she had developed a symptomatic UTI or had taken antimicrobials in the time between her inclusion into the study and the outpatient clinic visits for routine examination at 9 and 18 months after inclusion. Antimicrobial therapy was usually prescribed by a general practitioner after diagnosing a UTI in symptomatic women by means of urinary diagnostic tests (urine culture or microscopic analysis or leukocyte esterase on dipstick testing). The development of secondary complications (e.g., retinopathy, neuropathy, and macrovascular diseases) during this period was also recorded by the treating physician. Finally, the investigator phoned all patients (or the general practitioner of the patient, if the patient had moved) for whom these followup data were incomplete. HbA 1c , creatinine, and urinary albumin values were determined at baseline and at the end of the follow-up period. Follow-up results were available for 589 women (93% of the study population). Reasons for inadequate followup included the following: impossibility of reaching the patient (n = 41), known death (two by cardiovascular causes, one by breast carcinoma, and one by pneumonia), renalpancreatic transplantation (n = 1), and patient refusal (n = 1). Clinical characteris- A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances. Risk Factors for Symptomatic Urinary Tract ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in women with diabetes.

Geerlings

Stolk

Camps³

et al. 2000

Diabetes Care

162

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“…The use of spermicides and condoms may irritate and traumatise the tissues during sexual activity. 13 Thus, increasing the risk of bacterial invasion of the affected and surrounding tissues. Switching to lubricated condoms without spermicide or using a nonspermicidal lubricant may help prevent UTIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Infections in Women Attending Gynaecology Opd, at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

Poonam¹,

Kumar²

2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDUrinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in women are amongst the most common infections in the outpatient population and have a negative impact on the quality of life. The overall prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms amongst women is 67%. In fact, the prevalence of LUTS in them is reportedly higher than many other chronic diseases. 1,2 Nearly 1 in 3 women will have at least one episode of UTI requiring antimicrobial therapy by the age of 24 years. Almost half of all women will experience one UTI during their lifetime. 3

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“…Based on these studies, it seems likely that the antimicrobial activity of spermicides alters the vaginal ecosystem and provides a suitable environment for growth and proliferation of uropathogens. It is interesting to note that small amounts of nonoxynol-9 on condoms can increase the risk of UTI in females in the absence of sexual intercourse (Fihn et al 1998, Fihn et al 1996.…”

Section: Spermicidal Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%