Association between urinary cobalt exposure and kidney stones in U.S. adult population: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jun Lu,
Dongmei Hong,
Qian Wu
et al.
Abstract:Purpose
Heavy metal exposure can cause impaired or reduced pathology in the kidneys, lungs, liver, and other vital organs. However, the relationship between heavy metal exposure and kidney stones has not been determined. The goal of this research was to determine the association between heavy metal exposure and kidney stones in a population of American adults in general.
Materials and methods
We evaluated 29,201 individuals (≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutri… Show more
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