“…Including the IVC diameter as a marker of systemic congestion further enhances the model's predictive power. A dilated IVC, in fact, indicates higher right atrial pressure, a critical factor in assessing PAH severity and predicting CW 15 . This combination of parameters allows for a comprehensive assessment of both RV function and systemic congestion, offering a more complete hemodynamic profile and a detailed stratification of PAH patients.…”