Association between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and Chronic Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is associated with inflammatory conditions. Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications produce a significant inflammatory burden, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the subjects with T2DM to those of healthy individuals. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the diabetic subjects, with and without microvascular complications. The study cohort consisted of T2DM patients and healthy volunteers. The general characteristics, laboratory data, and PNI of the T2DM and control groups were compared. We further compared the PNI levels of the diabetic patients, with and without diabetic microvascular complications. The PNI levels of the T2DM patients and the control group were 51.6 (30.1–73.8)% and 64.8 (49.4–76)%, respectively (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the PNI was lower in the diabetic subjects with diabetic microvascular complications than in the diabetic patients without microvascular complications (p < 0.001), in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to those without nephropathy (p < 0.001), in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (p < 0.001), and in patients with diabetic neuropathy compared to those without neuropathy (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we assert that assessing the PNI may yield additional diagnostic value in regards to the timely determination of diabetic microvascular complications.

Prognostic value of the geriatric nutritional risk index and other hematological markers on long‐term survival in the geriatric population

“…Substantial evidence underscores the association between hematological markers and a spectrum of chronic disorders, inflammatory burdens, survival, and specific conditions, including infections, cardiac issues, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, SARS-CoV-2 infections, and gastrointestinal diseases. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] These studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] explored the connection of clinical conditions with markers such as the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and more recently hemogram-derived inflammation markers, including the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). These hematological markers have been associated with a poor prognosis and shorter survival.…”

Autophagy, Pyroptosis and Ferroptosis are Rising Stars in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy

“… 31 Diabetes mellitus and its microvascular complications are associated with high burden of inflammation. 32 , 33 Given the central role of inflammation in DN, it is logical to investigate autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in the context of this disease. Elucidating the contributions of these cellular processes in DN may offer valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for managing this condition.…”

A Prediction Model Based on Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index Combined with Other Predictors for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

“… 10–12 Additionally, risk factors for the occurrence and development of coronary artery disease are closely associated with inflammation. 13–15 Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a severe acute coronary event, has been shown to play a crucial role in inflammation during its occurrence and development. 16–18 Recent clinical studies have confirmed that anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the residual risk of cardiovascular events.…”