Association between the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase p22phox gene -A930G polymorphism and intracerebral hemorrhage

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate whether the ‑A930G polymorphism of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase p22phox gene is involved in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Chinese Han population. In the present case‑control investigation, the subjects included 118 patients with ICH and 147 healthy controls. The ‑A930G polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Furthermore, the correlation between the ‑A930G gene polymorphism and ICH was evaluated using statistical analyses. The distribution of p22phox ‑A930G genotypes differed significantly between the two groups (P=0.003), with the AA, AG and GG genotype frequencies being 61.9, 29.3 and 8.8% in the control group and 40.7, 45.8 and 13.6% in the ICH group, respectively. The G allele frequency was significantly higher in patients with ICH compared with healthy controls (36.4 vs. 23.5%; P<0.05), however, the opposite was observed in the frequency of the A allele (63.6 vs. 76.5%; P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that genetic mutations of the p22phox ‑A930G gene were independent risk factors of ICH (odds ratio, 2.196; 95% confidence interval, 1.003‑4.586; P=0.009). In addition, certain conventional factors were associated with increased risk of ICH, including elevated blood pressure, increased levels of glucose and triglycerides in the blood, a history of hypertension and smoking. The ‑A930G polymorphism of the p22phox gene may affect the susceptibility to ICH and certain haplotypes of the gene may be associated with a higher susceptibility to ICH.

Tobacco Use: A Major Risk Factor of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

“…31 As mentioned, tobacco use is well-recognized as one of the major risk factors for sICH. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Table 1 summarizes the results of several original studies evaluating the risk of sICH in current tobacco users worldwide. 33,37,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] Only studies that included greater than 40 sICH cases and that specified confirmation of ICH with either cranial CT imaging, CT angiography, or magnetic resonance imaging were included in the list.…”

NADPH oxidase in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders

“…Gp91phox was primarily expressed in activated microglia and colocalized with peroxynitrite at 24 h after ICH in the injured hemisphere [147]. Human data for NOX activation in hemorrhagic stroke models are scarce, but a study of the Chinese Han population resulted in the identification of a p22phox polymorphism associated with increased NOX activation and susceptibility to ICH [148]. While clearly more studies using different injury models are needed to solidify the evidence for NOX involvement in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic stroke, the current findings suggests that NOX activation is involved in the acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke, as opposed to a more prolonged involvement in ischemic stroke.…”

GCH1 (rs841) polymorphism in the nitric oxide-forming pathway has protective effects on obstructive sleep apnea

“…P22phox subunit plays an important role in the normal function of enzymes 46 . Recent studies have demonstrated that several polymorphisms of p22phox gene (CYBA) are associated with increased oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases 32,47,48 . According to Pierola et al ., patients with GA and GG genotypes of A930G p22phox polymorphism are more at risk of OSA.…”