Association between the metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in Chinese adults

Abstract

These findings suggest that the metabolic syndrome might be an important risk factor for CKD in Chinese adults.

Insulin Sensitivity Measured With Euglycemic Clamp Is Independently Associated With Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Community-Based Cohort

“…However, as insulin sensitivity was associated with GFR in individuals with otherwise normal glucose metabolism after adjustment for both fasting and postload glucose levels, higher glucose levels are not a likely explanation for the results in the present study. Also, insulin sensitivity is associated with several glucometabolic, cardiovascular risk, and lifestyle factors that have been shown to be associated with a reduced GFR and the development of chronic kidney disease (2,12,(21)(22)(23). The fact that insulin sensitivity remained significantly associated with GFR in all multivariable models suggests that confounding by these factors does not explain our findings.…”

Very low-grade albuminuria reflects susceptibility to chronic kidney disease in combination with cardiovascular risk factors

“…The median GFR in our subjects was 71 ml min À1 per 1.73 m 2 , which was similar to that reported in a study of Japanese subjects, 26 but lower than that reported in other studies of general US and Chinese populations. 14,19,27 One possible explanation may be that the equation underestimates GFR in Koreans; alternatively, Koreans may be prone to renal damage. Validation of the MDRD formula for the Korean population is another necessary step that will require additional research.…”

Prevalence and determinants of the metabolic syndrome among subjects with advanced nondiabetes-related chronic kidney disease in Gran Canaria, Spain

“…[3][4][5][6][7] However, epidemiological data on the metabolic syndrome among subjects with advanced stages of CKD are far less abundant. Evaluation for the metabolic syndrome is probably not determining in patients with type 2 diabetes-related CKD.…”

“…1,2. More recently, several cross-sectional populationbased surveys have revealed that the metabolic syndrome is also significantly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . 3,4 More importantly, a considerable number of prospective cohort studies have additionally reported that the syndrome is an independent risk factor for incident CKD (all of them again considering an eGFR560 mL/min/1.73 m 2 as the main renal outcome) and/or microalbuminuria or proteinuria, even in subjects without diabetes and hypertension, the two leading causes of CKD. [5][6][7] However, epidemiological data on the metabolic syndrome in patients with Stages 4 or 5 of CKD (eGFR530 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) and information on its impact on these advanced stages of CKD is scant.…”