Association between the levels of prostaglandin E2 in tears and severity of dry eye

Lekhanont, Kaevalin; Sathianvichitr, Kanchalika; Pisitpayat, Punyanuch; Anothaisintawee, Thunyarat; Soontrapa, Kitipong; Udomsubpayakul, Umaporn

doi:10.18240/ijo.2019.07.12

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus, it was found that the ratio of ω-6 (AA) to ω-3 (DHA + EPA) fatty acids is increased in DES patients [21], which concurs with our observations (see Figure 3). Furthermore, a number of works reported DES-associated growth of the TF level of PGE2, which is recognized as a hallmark of the disease [21][22][23]44]. Consistently, in our experiments, PGE2 exhibited the most pronounced elevation among the identified mediators (see Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Previously, it was suggested that chronic inflammation in DES is associated with an imbalance between omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) and omega-6 (arachidonic acid (AA)) PUFAs, which lead to the hyperproduction of proinflammatory lipid mediators (omega-6 derivative oxylipins, such as prostaglandins) and underproduction of proresolving (omega-3 derivative oxylipis) molecules [21]. Consistently, DES patients were characterized by upregulation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 in TF, the levels of which correlated with their symptom grades [21][22][23]. Interestingly, selective inhibition of COX-2, responsible for PGE2 biosynthesis, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in DES apparently via the attenuating effect of PGE2 on antigen-presenting dendritic cells [24], indicating the existence of interrelation between inflammatory pathways in DES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Inflammation in Dry Eye Syndrome: Identification and Targeting of Oxylipin-Mediated Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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Dry eye syndrome (DES) is characterized by decreased tear production and stability, leading to desiccating stress, inflammation and corneal damage. DES treatment may involve targeting the contributing inflammatory pathways mediated by polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives, oxylipins. Here, using an animal model of general anesthesia-induced DES, we addressed these pathways by characterizing inflammatory changes in tear lipidome, in correlation with pathophysiological and biochemical signs of the disease. The decline in tear production was associated with the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the corneal stroma, which manifested one to three days after anesthesia, accompanied by changes in tear antioxidants and cytokines, resulting in persistent damage to the corneal epithelium. The inflammatory response manifested in the tear fluid as a short-term increase in linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid-derived oxylipins, followed by elevation in arachidonic acid and its derivatives, leukotriene B4 (5-lipoxigenase product), 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-lipoxigeanse product) and prostaglandins, D2, E2 and F2α (cyclooxygenase products) that was observed for up to 7 days. Given these data, DES was treated by a novel ophthalmic formulation containing a dimethyl sulfoxide-based solution of zileuton, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxigenase and arachidonic acid release. The therapy markedly improved the corneal state in DES by attenuating cytokine- and oxylipin-mediated inflammatory responses, without affecting tear production rates. Interestingly, the high efficacy of the proposed therapy resulted from the synergetic action of its components, namely, the general healing activity of dimethyl sulfoxide, suppressing prostaglandins and the more specific effect of zileuton, downregulating leukotriene B4 (inhibition of T-cell recruitment), as well as upregulating docosahexaenoic acid (activation of resolution pathways).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Inflammation in Dry Eye Syndrome: Identification and Targeting of Oxylipin-Mediated Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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“…Prostaglandins are well-known inflammatory mediators, playing a key role in the modulation of the inflammatory response in dry eye disease [214]. More specifically, tear levels of prostaglandin-E2 are known to be positively correlated with dry eye symptoms [215,216]. Black currant seed oil, rich in GLA and ALA, has been shown to modulate cell membrane lipid composition and eicosanoid production, finally reducing prostaglandin-E2 production [217].…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Supplements in the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2020

J Pharmacol Pharm Res

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Among the 2.2 billion people in the world affected by any type of eye condition, the World Health Organization estimates 196 million with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), 146 million with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 76 million with glaucoma [1]. No clear estimate exists on the global presence of dry eye, though the English Agency known as Global-Data UK Ltd. in a document published on June 2018, considering the 8 more industrialised Countries (US,

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“…The principal tear proteins are directly secreted by lacrimal glands, tear lipocalin, lysosomes, and also by serum, which is probably as a result of passive transport from the blood [ 15 ]. Among the proteins detected are growth factors [ 16 , 17 ], cytokines [ 18 ], matrix metalloproteinases [ 19 ], immunoglobulins [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], sex hormones [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], proteases and protease inhibitors [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], calcium-binding proteins [ 34 , 35 ], and glycoproteins [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The tear film lipid layer (TFLL) acts as an interface between the aqueous layer and air and is the composition of different types of lipids, including cholesteryl esters (CE), wax esters (WE), and triacylglycerol (TAG) [ 17 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)

Król-Grzymała

Sienkiewicz-Szłapka

Fiedorowicz

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Biological material is one of the most important aspects that allow for the correct diagnosis of the disease, and tears are an interesting subject of research because of the simplicity of collection, as the well as the relation to the components similar to other body fluids. In this review, biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in tears are investigated and analyzed. Records were obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in a timeline of 2015–2022. The keywords were: tear film/tear biochemistry/tear biomarkers + diseases (AD, PD, or MS). The recent original studies were analyzed, discussed, and biomarkers present in tears that can be used for the diagnosis and management of AD, PD, and MS diseases were shown. α-synTotal and α-synOligo, lactoferrin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, epinephrine, dopamine, α-2-macroglobulin, proteins involved in immune response, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, apolipoprotein superfamily, and others were shown to be biomarkers in PD. For AD as potential biomarkers, there are: lipocalin-1, lysozyme-C, and lacritin, amyloid proteins, t-Tau, p-Tau; for MS there are: oligoclonal bands, lipids containing choline, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, and some amino acids. Information systematized in this review provides interesting data and new insight to help improve clinical outcomes for patients with neurodegenerative disorders.

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Association between the levels of prostaglandin E2 in tears and severity of dry eye

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Inflammation in Dry Eye Syndrome: Identification and Targeting of Oxylipin-Mediated Mechanisms

Inflammation in Dry Eye Syndrome: Identification and Targeting of Oxylipin-Mediated Mechanisms

Food Supplements in the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review)

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