Association between the gut and oral microbiome with obesity

Benahmed, Asma Gasmi; Gasmi, Amin; Doşa, Alexandru; Chirumbolo, Salvatore; Mujawdiya, Pavan Kumar; Aaseth, Jan; Dadar, Maryam; Bjørklund, Geir

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102248

Cited by 63 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…genomes encode enzymes in the butyrate biosynthesis pathway and produce acetate and butyrate primarily through amino acid fermentation (Vital et al, 2014). Synthesis of SCFAs can activate molecular pathways that lead to lipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes (Benahmed et al, 2020). Thus, it is possible that decreases in Megasphaera, Veillonella, and Bifidobacterium may lead to reduced lipogenesis, triglyceride accumulation, and energy absorption, while increases in Faecalibacterium confer antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory benefits in HPLC-fed cats compared to CON-fed OW cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Responses to Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Ratio on Gut Microbiome in Obese vs. Lean Cats

Li¹,

Pan²

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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More than 60% of domestic cats in the United States are either overweight or obese (OW). High-protein low-carbohydrate (HPLC) diets have been recommended for weight management for humans and pets. Gut microbes can influence the host's health and metabolism. Less is known about feline gut microbiomes compared to other species. Thirty-nine lean (LN) and OW domestic short-haired cats (median age, 7.2 years) with median body fat of 15.8 and 32.5%, respectively, were enrolled in a two-phase study. All cats were fed the control diet (CON) with 32.4% protein and 32.3% carbohydrate for 8 weeks followed by another 8 weeks of intervention where half of the cats continued the CON diet while the other half were switched to a HPLC diet with 51.4% protein and 11.6% carbohydrate. The goal was to understand how the HPLC diet influenced gut microbiota in obese vs. lean cats. The 16S rRNA gene profiling study revealed a significant impact on gut microbiome by dietary protein and carbohydrate ratio. The effect was more pronounced in OW cats than LN cats. While no microbial taxon was different between groups in LN cats, compositional changes occurred at different taxonomical ranks in OW cats. At the phylum level, Fusobacteria became more abundant in HPLC-fed cats than in CON-fed cats. At the genus level, five short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers had altered compositions in response to the diets: Faecalibacterium and Fusobacterium are more abundant in HPLC-fed cats while the abundances of Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, and Veillonella increased in CON-fed cats. Predicted microbial gene networks showed changes in energy metabolism and one-carbon metabolism pathways. Our study demonstrated differential responses to HPLC diet between obese vs. lean cats and opportunities to explore these SCFA-producers for weight management in cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Responses to Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Ratio on Gut Microbiome in Obese vs. Lean Cats

Li¹,

Pan²

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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“…In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was increased [54]. A rise in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was related to an increase in inflammation and an increased capability of harvesting energy from food [55][56][57].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin intervention ameliorates AS in ApoE-/- mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation

Ning

Wang

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Atherosclerosis (AS) is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Metformin (MET) presents pleiotropic benefits in the control of chronic metabolic diseases, but the impacts of MET intervention on gut microbiota and inflammation in AS remain largely unclear. In this study, ApoE-/- mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) were adopted to assess the MET treatment. After 12 weeks of MET intervention (100mg·kg-1·d-1), relevant indications were investigated. As indicated by the pathological measurements, the atherosclerotic lesion was alleviated with MET intervention. Moreover, parameters in AS including body weights (BWs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated; whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels were decreased, which could be reversed by MET intervention. Elevated pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lipopolysaccaride (LPS) in AS were decreased after MET administration. However, anti-inflammatory IL-10 showed no significant difference between AS group and AS+MET group. Consistently, accumulated macrophages in the aorta of AS were conversely lowered with MET treatment. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis displayed that the overall community of gut microbiota in AS was notably changed with MET treatment mainly through decreasing Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Romboutsia, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, as well as increasing Akkermansia, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium. Additionally, we found that microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in AS were decreased, which were significantly up-regulated with MET intervention. Consistent with the attenuation of MET on gut dysbiosis, decreased intestinal tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO)-1 in AS was restored after MET supplementation. Correlation analysis showed close relationships among gut bacteria, microbial metabolites SCFAs and inflammation. Collectively, MET intervention ameliorates AS in ApoE-/- mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation, thus can potentially serve as an inexpensive and effective intervention for the control of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

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“…The composition of an individual's microbiota is increasingly being recognized as a contributor to obesity risk [7][8][9]. Microbiota can influence the host's metabolic phenotype both by directly affecting energy and nutrient availability [10][11][12][13][14], and through modulation of signaling pathways [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies suggested that the fecal symbiotic bacterial community of obese individuals is less diverse than that of lean individuals [8,23]. In addition, the abundance of several bacterial taxa including Lactobacillus, Pervotella, Alistipes, Akkermansia, and others vary with obesity status [7,9]. Salivary microbiota of lean and obese individuals also differ in diversity and composition [9,[24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the abundance of several bacterial taxa including Lactobacillus, Pervotella, Alistipes, Akkermansia, and others vary with obesity status [7,9]. Salivary microbiota of lean and obese individuals also differ in diversity and composition [9,[24][25][26][27]. Abundance of several salivary bacterial taxa including Campylobacter, Aggregatibacter, and Veillonella was reported to be positively associated with obesity [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Obesity influences composition of salivary and fecal microbiota and impacts the interactions between bacterial taxa

Bombin

Mosley

Yan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Obesity is an increasing global health concern and is associated with a broad range of morbidities. The gut microbiota are increasingly recognized as important contributors to obesity and cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to characterize oral and gut microbial communities, and evaluate host:microbiota interactions between clinical obesity classifications. We performed 16S rDNA sequencing on fecal and salivary samples, global metabolomics profiling on plasma and stool samples, and dietary profiling in 135 healthy individuals. We grouped individuals by obesity status, based on body mass index (BMI), including lean (BMI 18-24.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), or obese (BMI ≥30). We analyzed differences in microbiome composition, community inter-relationships, and predicted microbial function by obesity status. We found that salivary bacterial communities of lean and obese individuals were compositionally and phylogenetically distinct. An increase in obesity status was positively associated with strong correlations between bacterial taxa, particularly with bacterial groups implicated in metabolic disorders including Fretibacterium, and Tannerella. Consumption of sweeteners, especially xylitol, significantly influenced compositional and phylogenetic diversities of salivary and fecal bacterial communities. In addition, obesity groups exhibited differences in predicted bacterial metabolic activity, which was correlated with host's metabolite concentrations. Overall, obesity was associated with distinct changes in bacterial community dynamics, particularly in saliva. Consideration of microbiome community structure, and inclusion of salivary samples may improve our ability to understand pathways linking microbiota to obesity and cardiometabolic disease.

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Association between the gut and oral microbiome with obesity

Cited by 63 publications

References 83 publications

Differential Responses to Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Ratio on Gut Microbiome in Obese vs. Lean Cats

Differential Responses to Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Ratio on Gut Microbiome in Obese vs. Lean Cats

Metformin intervention ameliorates AS in ApoE-/- mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation

Obesity influences composition of salivary and fecal microbiota and impacts the interactions between bacterial taxa

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