Association Between the Experimental Kickoff Rule and Concussion Rates in Ivy League Football

Wiebe, Douglas J.; DʼAlonzo, Bernadette A; Harris, Robin; Putukian, Margot; Campbell-McGovern, Carolyn

doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14165

Cited by 64 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Though we did not find that playing football was harmful on average, it is not without considerable risks. Our results should not impede the development and adoption of commonsense measures like improved concussion management protocols, eliminating kick-offs [67], or age-restrictions on tackling [68].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 84%

The association between adolescent football participation and early adulthood depression

et al. 2020

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Concerned about potentially increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, several health professionals and policy makers have proposed limiting or banning youth participation in American-style tackle football. Given the large affected population (over 1 million boys play high school football annually), careful estimation of the long-term health effects of playing football is necessary for developing effective public health policy. Unfortunately, existing attempts to estimate these effects tend not to generalize to current participants because they either studied a much older cohort or, more seriously, failed to account for potential confounding. We leverage data from a nationally representative cohort of American men who were in grades 7-12 in the 1994-95 school year to estimate the effect of playing football in adolescent on depression in early adulthood. We control for several potential confounders related to subjects' health, behavior, educational experience, family background, and family health history through matching and regression adjustment. We found no evidence of even a small harmful effect of football participation on scores on a version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) nor did we find evidence of adverse associations with several secondary outcomes including anxiety disorder diagnosis or alcohol dependence in early adulthood. For men who were in grades 7-12 in the 1994-95 school year, participating or intending to participate in school football does not appear to be a major risk factor for early adulthood depression.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 84%

The association between adolescent football participation and early adulthood depression

et al. 2020

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“…Of the 20 included studies, 8 studies evaluated interventions in high-school football, 7,9,13,24,30,39,48,55 5 studies evaluated interventions in collegiate football, 10,50,51,54,60 6 studies evaluated interventions in youth football, [25][26][27]29,38,58 and 1 study evaluated interventions in both, high-school and collegiate football. 57 Summaries of included articles for youth, highschool, and collegiate, football are presented separately in Tables 1, 2, and 3 respectively.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Regulations and Behavioral Interventions on Head Impacts and Concussions in Youth, High-School, and Collegiate Football: A Systematized Review

Phillips

Crisco

2020

Ann Biomed Eng

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“…• Changes in the rules of the professional football game to reduce the number and/or severity of blows to or by the head (refer to Wiebe et al 59 ). • Changes in the way practices are conducted to inculcate different ways of tackling and blocking during game play.…”

Section: From Analysis To Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decision-Analytic Approach to Addressing the Evidence About Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Brand

Finkel

2019

Semin Neurol

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Doubts can be raised about almost any assertion that a particular exposure can lead to an increase in a given adverse health effect. Even some of the most well-accepted causal associations in public health, such as that linking cigarette smoking to increased lung cancer risk, have intriguing research questions remaining to be answered. The inquiry whether an exposure causes a disease is never wholly a yes/no question but ought to follow from an appraisal of the weight of evidence supporting the positive conclusion in light of any coherent theories casting doubt on this evidence and the data supporting these. More importantly, such an appraisal cannot be made sensibly without considering the relative consequences to public health and economic welfare of specific actions based on unwarranted credulity (false positives) versus unwarranted skepticism (false negatives). Here we appraise the weight of evidence for the premise that repeated head impacts (RHIs) in professional football can increase the incidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and, in turn, cause a variety of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. We first dismiss four logical fallacies that should not affect the appraisal of the weight of evidence. We then examine four alternative hypotheses in which RHI is not associated with CTE or symptoms (or both), and we conclude that the chances are small that the RHI→ CTE→ symptoms link is coincidental or artifactual. In particular, we observe that there are many specific interventions for which, even under a skeptical appraisal of the weight of evidence, the costs of a false positive are smaller than the false negative costs of refusing to intervene.

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Association Between the Experimental Kickoff Rule and Concussion Rates in Ivy League Football

Cited by 64 publications

References 4 publications

The association between adolescent football participation and early adulthood depression

The association between adolescent football participation and early adulthood depression

The Effectiveness of Regulations and Behavioral Interventions on Head Impacts and Concussions in Youth, High-School, and Collegiate Football: A Systematized Review

A Decision-Analytic Approach to Addressing the Evidence About Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

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