Association between The Cytokine IL-23 in Saliva with Periodontal Health and Disease

Abstract

Background: In the term of the prevalence of chronic inflammatory conditions manipulating human beings, periodontal diseases were the predominant. Cytokines are proteins of low molecular weight responsible for the inception of inflammatory response and further stages of it in which they coordinate the extent and the duration of the response. IL-23 is a member of a heterodimeric IL-12 cytokine family, generated from macrophages and dendritic cells after the exposure to bacterial pathogens. Saliva is a hypotonic solution formed by the salivary glands, gingival crevicular fluid, and oral mucosal exudate.Objective: this study aimed to find the association of salivary concentration of IL-23 with periodontal health and disease by examining its' level in individuals with healthy periodontium, with dental biofilm-induced gingivitis and periodontitis (localized and generalized). Patient and method: Saliva were collected from 90 participants with age ranged from 20-60 years. All of them were systemically healthy. 25 cases enrolled under the dental biofilm-induced gingivitis group, 25 cases under the localized periodontitis group and 25 cases under the generalized periodontitis group, with 15 subjects under healthy periodontium (control) group. Detection of IL-23 in saliva was done by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Our data revealed that the salivary IL-23 level was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in disease groups in comparison to healthy (control) group with a significant difference between dental biofilm-induced gingivitis and localized periodontitis groups. Conclusion: Salivary IL-23 has a significant and negative relationship with all disease groups as compared to healthy subjects.