Association Between Stress-Related Substances in Saliva and Immune Substances in Breast Milk in Puerperae

Kawano, Atsuko; Emori, Yoko; Miyagawa, Sachiyo

doi:10.1177/1099800409331892

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Free TRP binding to albumin can be influenced by many factors such as hormones, nutrition, pregnancy, drugs and NEFA ( 5 , 35 ) . In this preliminary study, we chose to use hind milk primarily to avoid interfering with infant feeding ( 34 , 36 ) . Hind milk has a much higher fat content in comparison with aqueous-rich foremilk ( 37 – 39 ) , and, consequently, higher levels of NEFA which could have an effect on albumin-bound TRP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan metabolic profile in term and preterm breast milk: implications for health

et al. 2018

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Breast milk is the only source of the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) in breast-fed infants. Low levels of TRP could have implications for infant neurodevelopment. The objectives of the present study were to compare the relationship of TRP and its neuroactive pathway metabolites kynurenine (Kyn) and kynurenic acid (KynA) in preterm and term expressed breast milk (EBM) in the first 14 d following birth, and the relationship of TRP metabolism to maternal stress and immune status. A total of twenty-four mothers were recruited from Cork University Maternity Hospital: twelve term (>38 weeks) and twelve preterm (<35 weeks). EBM samples were collected on days 7 and 14. Free TRP, Kyn and KynA were measured using HPLC, total TRP using MS, cytokines using the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) assay system, and cortisol using a cortisol ELISA kit. Although total TRP was higher in preterm EBM in comparison with term EBM (P < 0·05), free TRP levels were lower (P < 0·05). Kyn, KynA and the Kyn:TRP ratio increased significantly in term EBM from day 7 to day 14 (P < 0·05), but not in preterm EBM. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were higher in day 7 preterm and term EBM in comparison with day 14. There were no significant differences between term and preterm EBM cortisol levels. Increased availability of total TRP, lower levels of free TRP and alterations in the temporal dynamics of TRP metabolism in preterm compared with term EBM, coupled with higher EBM inflammatory markers on day 7, may have implications for the neurological development of exclusively breast-fed preterm infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan metabolic profile in term and preterm breast milk: implications for health

et al. 2018

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“…It has been suggested for some time that stress exposure during the perinatal period may affect the quality of milk (Kawano et al, 2009), which is fundamental not only to sustain child growth and development (Butte and King, 2005;Hair et al, 2013), but also to support the normal brain functioning of the child (Horta et al, 2018). Indeed, maternal milk is an important physiological fluid for nutrient transfer and immune signalling, which potentially shapes infant growth at a cognitive, behavioral and motor level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and immunological factors in breast milk: A role in the intergenerational transmission from maternal psychopathology to child development

Benedetto

Bottanelli

Cattaneo

et al. 2020

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Perinatal psychopathologies affect more than 25% of women during and after their gestational period. These psychiatric disorders determine important biological variations in their organisms, affecting many different physiological and metabolic pathways. Of relevance, any of these changes occurring in the mother can alter the normal composition of breast milk, particularly the concentration of nutritional and inflammatory components, which play a role in child brain functioning and development. Indeed, there is evidence showing that changes in milk composition can contribute to cognitive impairments and alterations in mental abilities in children. This review aims to shed light on the unique intergenerational role played by breast milk composition, from maternal psychopathologies to child development.

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“…Self-perceived stress is the cognitive appraisal of physical and environmental stressors and has been associated with increased levels of prenatal and postnatal serum cortisol. [38][39][40][41] Prolonged elevation of maternal serum cortisol levels can influence the infant immune system response and potentially the milk immune components (MICs). 42 Groer et al 42,43 reported higher self-perceived stress was associated with higher serum cortisol (r = 0.25, p = 0.040) as well as greater levels of milk secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of Maternal Stress with Milk Immune Components in African American Mothers of Healthy Term Infants

Thibeau

DʼApolito

Minnick

et al. 2016

Breastfeeding Medicine

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Association Between Stress-Related Substances in Saliva and Immune Substances in Breast Milk in Puerperae

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Tryptophan metabolic profile in term and preterm breast milk: implications for health

Tryptophan metabolic profile in term and preterm breast milk: implications for health

Nutritional and immunological factors in breast milk: A role in the intergenerational transmission from maternal psychopathology to child development

Relationships of Maternal Stress with Milk Immune Components in African American Mothers of Healthy Term Infants

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