Association between Smoking and Liver Fibrosis among Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Ou, Hongjie; Fu, Yukui; Liao, Wei; Zheng, Caixia; Wu, Xiaolu

doi:10.1155/2019/6028952

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…19,43 Former and current cigarette smoking were associated with liver-related outcomes in line with previous findings that smoking is associated with liver fibrosis in those with NAFLD. 45 Liver enzymes were linked to liver-related outcomes suggesting that these enzymes may reflect disease activity and risk of disease progression. Similar associations have previously been reported especially with GGT.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Liver-related Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of liver‐related morbidity and mortality in a population cohort of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

Männistö

Salomaa

Färkkilä

et al. 2021

Liver International

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Background & Aims Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases morbidity and mortality. However, patients in biopsy‐based cohorts are highly selected and the absolute risks of liver‐ and non‐liver outcomes in NAFLD in population remains undefined. We analysed both liver‐related and non‐liver‐related outcomes in Finnish population cohorts of NAFLD. Methods We included 10 993 individuals (6707 men, mean age 53.3 ± 12.6 years) with NAFLD (fatty liver index ≥60) from the Finnish population‐based FINRISK and Health 2000 studies. Liver fibrosis was assessed by the dAAR score, and genetic risk by a recent polygenic risk score (PRS‐5). Incident liver‐related outcomes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were identified through linkage with national registries. Results Mean follow‐up was 12.1 years (1128 069 person‐years). The crude incidence rate of liver‐related outcomes in NAFLD was 0.97/1000 person‐years. The cumulative incidence increased with age, being respectively 2.4% and 1.5% at 20 years in men and women aged 60 years at baseline, while the relative risks for CVD and cancer were 9‐16 times higher. The risk of CKD exceeded that of liver outcomes at a baseline age around 50 years. 20‐year cumulative incidence of liver‐related outcomes was 4.3% in the high, and 1.5% in the low PRS‐5 group. The dAAR score associated with liver outcomes, but not with extra‐hepatic outcomes. Conclusion The absolute risk of liver‐related outcomes in NAFLD is low, with much higher risk of CVD and cancer, emphasizing the need for more individualized and holistic risk‐stratification in NAFLD.

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Section: Risk Factors For Liver-related Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of liver‐related morbidity and mortality in a population cohort of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

Männistö

Salomaa

Färkkilä

et al. 2021

Liver International

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“…Studies have shown the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with NAFLD, without and without diabetes [ 18 , 19 ]. Thus, NAFLD is generally associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, with evidence, to suggest that changes in unhealthy lifestyles can reduce the transaminase levels and improve NAFLD [ 20 ]. A study of patients with T2DM found a higher prevalence of peripheral vascular, coronary and cerebrovascular diseases in subjects with NAFLD than without, with coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease was greater among those with NAFLD than among those without this disease, aside from normal CVD risk factors, medication use and diabetes-related variables [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss

et al. 2022

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Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity worldwide, the deleterious effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are becoming a growing challenge for public health. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in the Western world. NAFLD is closely associated with metabolic disorders, including central obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and persistent abnormalities of liver function tests.In general NAFLD is a common denominer for a broad spectrum of damage to the liver, which can be due to hepatocyte injury, inflammatory processes and fibrosis. This is normally seen on liver biopsy and can range from milder forms (steatosis) to the more severe forms (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure). In these patients, advanced fibrosis is the major predictor of morbidity and liver-related mortality, and an accurate diagnosis of NASH and NAFLD is mandatory. Histologic evaluation with liver biopsy remains the gold standard to diagnose NAFLD. Diagnosis of NAFLD is defined as presence of hepatic steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation with or without fibrosis. Weight loss, dietary modification, and the treatment of underlying metabolic syndrome remain the mainstays of therapy once the diagnosis is established. Dietary recommendations and lifestyle interventions, weight loss, and the treatment of underlying metabolic syndrome remain the mainstays of therapy once the diagnosis is established with promising results but are difficult to maintain. Pioglitazone and vitamin E are recommended by guidelines in selected patients. This review gives an overview of NAFLD and its treatment options.

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“…Recent study had reported that current smoking, pack‐years and urinary cotinine levels were associated with the risk of incident NAFLD 49 . Ou et al 50 analysed 225 NAFLD patients. NAFLD was diagnosed by TE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between coffee consumption, sleep duration and smoking status with elastographic parameters of liver steatosis and fibrosis; controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements

et al. 2020

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Aim our aim was to explore the association between life habits and the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) as the surrogate markers of liver steatosis and fibrosis in a large cohort of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Methods In this prospective, cross‐sectional study we had analysed 1998 patients with diagnosed NAFLD. Sleeping duration was categorised in three groups: short (S) (<6 hours), moderate (M) (6‐8 hours) and long (L) (>8 hours) sleep duration. Coffee drinking was categorized into no (0), moderate (1‐2) and frequent (≥3) consumption (in cups/day). Smoking was categorised as yes versus no. Results Frequent coffee consumers had the lowest prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Furthermore, coffee non‐consumers had highest values of hepatic enzymes, CAP and LSM. Moderate sleep duration was associated with lower values of CAP and LSM. Coffee consumption was associated with lower CAP in all the multivariate models (CAP unadjusted and model 1, 2 and 3), with largest effect in most frequent coffee consumers (≥3, model 3). Also, most frequent coffee consumers were associated with lower LSM in unadjusted model, model 1 and 2, while this was not the case for model 3 and those who consumed 1‐2 cups of coffee per day. Reduced sleeping was confirmed as risk factor for elevated CAP in most of the models (unadjusted and model 1 and 2). Also, negative association of LSM was also confirmed in unadjusted model and model 2. Patients which slept 6‐8 hours per day were mostly associated with lower CAP and LSM. Smoking status was not associated with CAP or LSM values. Conclusion Coffee consumption has beneficial effect on CAP and LSM and this effect is dose dependent since and independent of a variety of relevant confounders. We have shown that moderate sleep duration has also beneficial effect on CAP and LSM.

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Association between Smoking and Liver Fibrosis among Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Incidence of liver‐related morbidity and mortality in a population cohort of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

Incidence of liver‐related morbidity and mortality in a population cohort of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss

Relationship between coffee consumption, sleep duration and smoking status with elastographic parameters of liver steatosis and fibrosis; controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements

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