Association Between Smoking and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in a Population-Based Sample of Young Adults

Kollins, Scott H.; McClernon, F. Joseph; Fuemmeler, Bernard F.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.10.1142

Cited by 316 publications

(340 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…57 Smoking ADHD symptoms are linearly associated with the risk of smoking 58 and nicotine addiction 59 in epidemiologic studies in adults. The potential mechanisms (for example, nicotine to boost attention, shared genetic susceptibility and dysfunctional striatal reward system) have been recently reviewed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with childhood overweight adjusted for confounding parental variables

2012

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OBJECTIVE: There have been numerous reports on association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents; however, most studies adjusted only for a limited number of possible confounders. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 11 159 six through seventeen-year-old participants in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents. We determined weight status based on measured anthropometry and national reference data by International Obesity Task Force criteria. The parent-rated hyperactivity/inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-HI) was used as a continuous measure of ADHD symptoms. We examined whether the putative confounders socioeconomic status, migrant status, parental body mass index (BMI) and parental smoking were associated with both SDQ-HI and overweight/obesity. Associations between SDQ-HI and overweight/obesity vs normal weight were analyzed by binary logistic regression analyses. In the first model, we adjusted for age and sex only and in the second model also for the parental confounders. RESULTS: SDQ-HI was associated with an increased risk for overweight/obesity in both sexes adjusting for age and sex. However, after adjusting for all confounders SDQ-HI was associated with an increased risk for overweight/obesity only in adolescent females. Socioeconomic status, parental BMI and parental smoking each were relevant confounders. Migrant status was also significantly associated with both SDQ-HI and overweight/obesity, thus qualifying as a confounder but contributed only weakly to the association. CONCLUSIONS: The association between ADHD symptoms and overweight/obesity is due to confounding by family background variables in all but adolescent girls. Possible reasons for the increased risk for overweight/obesity in this subgroup are discussed. We also propose possible mechanisms for confounding by parental socioeconomic status, BMI and smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with childhood overweight adjusted for confounding parental variables

2012

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“…In turn, ADHD symptoms have been shown to increase risk for tobacco smoking in a linear, dose-dependent manner (Kollins et al, 2005). Male gender is an independent risk factor for ADHD (Romano et al, 2006), and many of these studies have controlled for effects of gender (Linnet et al, 2003;Romano et al, 2006;Williams et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Specific Effects of Prenatal and Adolescent Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Auditory and Visual Attention

Jacobsen

Slotkin

Mencl

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

136

143

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Prenatal exposure to active maternal tobacco smoking elevates risk of cognitive and auditory processing deficits, and of smoking in offspring. Recent preclinical work has demonstrated a sex-specific pattern of reduction in cortical cholinergic markers following prenatal, adolescent, or combined prenatal and adolescent exposure to nicotine, the primary psychoactive component of tobacco smoke. Given the importance of cortical cholinergic neurotransmission to attentional function, we examined auditory and visual selective and divided attention in 181 male and female adolescent smokers and nonsmokers with and without prenatal exposure to maternal smoking. Groups did not differ in age, educational attainment, symptoms of inattention, or years of parent education. A subset of 63 subjects also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an auditory and visual selective and divided attention task. Among females, exposure to tobacco smoke during prenatal or adolescent development was associated with reductions in auditory and visual attention performance accuracy that were greatest in female smokers with prenatal exposure (combined exposure). Among males, combined exposure was associated with marked deficits in auditory attention, suggesting greater vulnerability of neurocircuitry supporting auditory attention to insult stemming from developmental exposure to tobacco smoke in males. Activation of brain regions that support auditory attention was greater in adolescents with prenatal or adolescent exposure to tobacco smoke relative to adolescents with neither prenatal nor adolescent exposure to tobacco smoke. These findings extend earlier preclinical work and suggest that, in humans, prenatal and adolescent exposure to nicotine exerts gender-specific deleterious effects on auditory and visual attention, with concomitant alterations in the efficiency of neurocircuitry supporting auditory attention.

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“…Individuals diagnosed with ADHD smoke cigarettes at a higher rate than the general population (Barkley et al, 1990;Kollins et al, 2005;Rohde et al, 2004). Although the exact reason(s) for this relationship is yet to be determined, one potential explanation is that tobacco smoking represents a form of self-medication in the ADHD population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylphenidate Enhances the Abuse-Related Behavioral Effects of Nicotine in Rats: Intravenous Self-Administration, Drug Discrimination, and Locomotor Cross-Sensitization

Wooters

Neugebauer

Rush

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Stimulant drugs, including D-amphetamine, cocaine, and methylphenidate, increase cigarette smoking in controlled human laboratory experiments. Although the mechanism(s) underlying this effect are unknown, it is possible that stimulants may enhance directly the abuse-related effects of nicotine. In the present study, we characterized the behavioral pharmacological interactions between methylphenidate and nicotine in the intravenous self-administration, drug discrimination, and locomotor cross-sensitization procedures. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to respond for intravenous nicotine (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg/infusion) or sucrose, and the acute effects of methylphenidate (1.25-10 mg/kg) were determined; in addition, separate groups of rats were treated with methylphenidate (2.5 mg/kg) or saline before 12 consecutive nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration sessions. Next, the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) and methylphenidate (1.25-10 mg/kg), alone and in combination with a low nicotine dose (0.056 mg/kg), were tested in nicotine-trained rats. Finally, the locomotor effect of repeated methylphenidate (2.5 mg/kg) was tested in rats previously treated with nicotine (0.2-0.8 mg/kg). Results indicated that acute methylphenidate increased the rate of nicotine self-administration at doses that reduced sucrose-maintained responding; furthermore, tolerance to this effect was not apparent following repeated methylphenidate. Methylphenidate, while not substituting for nicotine alone, dose-dependently enhanced the discriminative stimulus effect of a low nicotine dose. In addition, repeated nicotine exposure promoted the development of locomotor sensitization to methylphenidate. Taken together with recent clinical findings, these results suggest that methylphenidate may enhance the abuse-related behavioral effects of nicotine, perhaps increasing vulnerability to tobacco dependence.

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Association Between Smoking and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in a Population-Based Sample of Young Adults

Abstract: Self-reported ADHD symptoms were found to be associated with adult smoking outcome variables in this nationally representative sample, providing further evidence of a likely link between ADHD symptoms and risk for tobacco use.

Cited by 316 publications

References 36 publications

Association of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with childhood overweight adjusted for confounding parental variables

Association of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with childhood overweight adjusted for confounding parental variables

Gender-Specific Effects of Prenatal and Adolescent Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Auditory and Visual Attention

Methylphenidate Enhances the Abuse-Related Behavioral Effects of Nicotine in Rats: Intravenous Self-Administration, Drug Discrimination, and Locomotor Cross-Sensitization

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