Association between sleep disordered breathing, neurocognitive impairment and diastolic function in acute heart failure patients: an insight after the vulnerable phase of the hospitalization

Brain Imaging Changes and Related Risk Factors of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Heart Failure

“…A total of eight studies ( 18 – 25 ) described the relationship between CBF and cognitive function in HF patients, whereas three studies ( 26 – 28 ) described the relationship between MTA and cognitive function in HF patients, and two studies ( 29 , 30 ) described the relationship between GM changes and cognitive function in HF patients. Moreover, four studies ( 26 – 28 , 31 ) described the relationship between WM changes and cognitive function in HF patients, whereas 16 studies ( 32 – 47 ) described the relationship between EF and cognitive function in HF patients, and seven studies ( 24 , 37 , 40 , 48 – 51 ) described the relationship between BMI and cognitive function in HF patients. A total of five studies ( 39 , 52 – 55 ) described the relationship between electrolyte levels and cognitive function in HF patients, whereas six studies ( 41 , 46 , 57 , 81 – 83 ) described the relationship between BNP/NT-proBNP levels and cognitive function in HF patients, and 15 studies ( 23 , 42 , 44 , 48 , 56 – 66 ) described the relationship between depression and cognitive function in HF patients.…”

“…A total of five studies ( 30 , 63 , 67 , 70 , 82 ) followed up the patients and explained the follow-up results. A total of four studies ( 25 , 29 , 32 , 47 ) did not present a plausible explanation of how to evaluate and control confounding factors. In addition, a total of 26 studies indicated the period of identifying patients, whereas 17 studies indicated that the included subjects were continuous.…”

“…The mean score of NOS in the included case-control studies was 5.8. One study ( 27 ) was of high quality, and 4 studies ( 32 , 44 , 61 , 66 ) exhibited medium quality. Specifically, all studies indicated that the diagnosis of the disease was adequate, and included the definition of control, and the determination and method of exposure.…”

“…No study indicated that the non-response rates of the study group and the control group were the same. In terms of control selection, two studies ( 27 , 44 ) selected community control and three studies ( 32 , 61 , 66 ) hospital control, respectively.…”

“…A total of seven ( 32 – 37 , 39 ) studies investigated the differences in cognitive function among patients with different types of HF. Among them, two large prospective cohort studies ( 34 , 35 ) ( n = 4,864/6,495) indicated no significant differences in the decline of cognitive function scores in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients following 5 or 15 years of follow-up, respectively.…”