Association Between Sexual Violence Experiences and Well-Being and Risk for Depression in Elite Athletes Depends on the Context of the Incidents

Ohlert, Jeannine; Rau, Thea; Allroggen, Marc

doi:10.1123/jcsp.2019-0008

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These results are in line with those of Vertommen et al (2018) suggesting that children's experiences of severe IV in sport are negatively related to mental health in adulthood (i.e., psychological distress). In line with recent research (Ohlert et al, 2019; Vertommen et al, 2018), we also found that experiencing a greater number of violence type, polyvictimization, was associated with more severe symptomatology. Our results also extend past results as they are, to our knowledge, the first to show an association between a greater number of different perpetrators and more severe symptomatology for IV in sport.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In addition, a dose-response effect was observed in which reporting more than one type of IV in the sport context, polyvictimization, was related to poorer quality of life and mental health in adulthood. In their study with 1529 German elite athletes aged between 16 and 59, Ohlert et al (2019) examined the associations between sexual violence, well-being and risk of depression and yielded similar results. Indeed, athletes who have experienced sexual violence, in sport or in another context, reported lower levels of wellbeing and were at greater risk for depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Prevalence studies in the last decade show that interpersonal violence (IV) against children in the context of sport – namely physical, sexual and psychological violence as well as neglect – is a major social and health issue affecting many young athletes (Alexander et al, 2011; Ohlert et al, 2019; Parent et al, 2016; Vertommen et al, 2016). Even if IV in sport is increasingly recognized (Fortier et al, 2020), its consequences have not been well documented (Mountjoy et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpersonal Violence (IV) in Sport and Mental Health Outcomes in Teenagers

Parent

Vaillancourt‐Morel

Gillard

2021

Journal of Sport and Social Issues

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The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between interpersonal violence (IV) experienced in the context of sport by teenagers and three mental health outcomes: self-esteem, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. A convenience sample of 1055 French-Canadian athletes between the ages of 14 and 17 who were participating in an organized sport was recruited to participate in an online survey. Results showed that psychological violence and neglect as well as sexual violence were independently related to lower self-esteem while physical, psychological/neglect, and sexual violence were all independently related to higher psychological distress and PTSD symptoms. Early intervention programs for athletes that experience IV is critical as it may help prevent the development of subsequent mental health issues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpersonal Violence (IV) in Sport and Mental Health Outcomes in Teenagers

Parent

Vaillancourt‐Morel

Gillard

2021

Journal of Sport and Social Issues

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“…Vertommen et al (2016) found that 4.1% of their sample experienced all three forms of interpersonal violence in sport. Similar to our results, Olhert et al (2019) found that 33.3% of their sample (n = 1,529 German elite athletes) reported experiencing two forms of interpersonal violence and 15.9% all three forms. However, because data on multiple victimization is scarce, more studies are needed to better understand the relationship between different forms of violence.…”

Section: Magnitude Of Interpersonal Vta In Sportsupporting

confidence: 90%

Magnitude and Risk Factors for Interpersonal Violence Experienced by Canadian Teenagers in the Sport Context

Parent

Vaillancourt‐Morel

2020

Journal of Sport and Social Issues

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Recent studies demonstrate that interpersonal violence toward athletes (VTA) is a significant problem in some countries. However, in Canada, little scientific evidence on the prevalence of this issue exists. The objective of this study was to describe the magnitude of interpersonal violence toward young Canadian athletes in the context of sport and to explore associated risk factors. A total of 1,055 athletes, aged between 14 and 17 years, anonymously completed an online survey about their experiences of various types of interpersonal violence in sport. The sample consisted of 763 girls and 292 boys, with a mean age of 15.3 ± 1.1 years. Results showed that 79.2% of athletes reported at least one experience of psychological violence followed by 39.9% reporting physical violence, 35.7% reporting neglect, and 28.2% sexual violence. Being older, being a girl, having specialized in a sport early on, and a high number of hours of weekly practice were related to higher odds of reporting psychological violence or neglect. Being older, being a boy, reporting a nonheterosexual sexual preference, greater number of hours of weekly practice, being in an interregional or provincial sport level, and practicing only team sports were related to higher odds of reporting physical violence. Reporting a nonheterosexual sexual preference and being in an interregional or international sport level were associated with higher odds of reporting sexual violence. In conclusion, this study shows that VTA, particularly psychological violence and neglect, is a serious problem in youth sport in Canada. These results may help to influence public decision makers to intervene and develop and implement strategies to prevent VTA.

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“…Studies that utilized one of the four most commonly utilized measures reported alphas between .67 and .94, while some other measures reported significantly lower (e.g. PHQ-2 = .45; Ohlert et al, 2019). Hence, echoing notions made by Gouttebarge et al (2019), future research would benefit from more research on the psychometric properties of different depression scales in athletes.…”

Section: (P 963)mentioning

confidence: 97%