Association between Serum Urate and Risk of Hypertension in Menopausal Women with XDH Gene

Abstract

Elevated serum urate (sUA) concentrations have been associated with an increased risk of hypertension. We aimed to examine the association of sUA concentration on the risk of hypertension in pre- and post-menopausal women and investigated the association between the polymorphism of the xanthine dehydrogenase gene and the risk of hypertension. Among 7294 women, 1415 premenopausal and 5879 postmenopausal women were recruited. Anthropometric parameters as risk factors of hypertension were identify by logistic regression models. In addition, we investigated an association between xanthine dehydrogenase gene and sUA and their combined associations on the risk of hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were significantly increased in accordance to the increase of sUA levels (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed postmenopausal women with a high sUA and high BMI were 3.18 times more likely to have hypertension than in those with normal and lower sUA (Odds ratio: 3.18, 95% confidence interval: 2.54–3.96). Postmenopausal women with a high WC were 1.62 times more likely to have hypertension than in those with normal and lower sUA. Subjects with the AG genotype of rs206860 was found to be at lower risk of hypertension (odd ratio: 0.287, 95% confidence interval: 0.091–0.905, p = 0.033). This cross-sectional study indicated a high sUA is associated with a higher risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Further well-designed prospective studies in other populations are warranted to validate our results.

Association between hyperuricemia and long-term mortality in patients with hypertension: results from the NHANES 2001–2018

“…We discovered that hyperuricemia was strongly associated with hypertension, even after adjusting for other comorbidities, such as stroke, heart failure, and obesity. In alignment with prior research, hyperuricemia is more common in men than in premenopausal women, likely due to the uricosuric effects of estrogen ( 24 , 25 ). However, it is intriguing that once women develop hyperuricemia, the incidence of hypertension significantly surpasses that of men, with rates of 53.53% for women compared to 33.00% for men, which is also consistent with previous reports ( 26 ).…”

Uric Acid and Hypertension: Prognostic Role and Guide for Treatment

“…Biological variables that could influence the association between UA and hypertension are sex and women’s menopausal state [ 82 , 83 ]. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that postmenopausal women had a stronger association between high SUA and hypertension, compared to premenopausal women [ 82 ].…”

“…Biological variables that could influence the association between UA and hypertension are sex and women’s menopausal state [ 82 , 83 ]. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that postmenopausal women had a stronger association between high SUA and hypertension, compared to premenopausal women [ 82 ]. Additionally, Nishio and colleagues have shown that women had a stronger association between high SUA and hypertension compared to men, after multivariate adjustment [ 83 ].…”

Polymorphisms of the genes ABCG2, SLC22A12 and XDH and their relation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia in Mexican young adults

“…We found that the minor allele frequency was 0.37 for the C allele, contrary to what was reported in a Chinese population, where the C allele had a higher frequency, in addition to its being associated with hypertension ( Wu et al , 2015 ). However, the link between the XDH (rs1042039) polymorphism and hypertension was not demostrated in Taiwanese women ( Lee et al , 2019 ). In the present study, we did not find a statistically significant different distribution of the C allele between the hyperuricemic and normouricemic groups, and the risk allele was also not associated with any component of the metabolic syndrome.…”